Stages of Prenantal Development Essay Example

Phases of Prenantal Development Paper The unpredictable subtleties of life start with a solitary cell that forms into a full term baby inside around 38-40 weeks. The pre-birth advancement stages diagram the development of the youngster and give a more clear image of the improvement of the kid in the belly. The course of this pre-birth advancement is isolated into three primary periods:â germinal, early stage, and fetal. The germinal/origination stage starts with origination, happens inside the initial fourteen days. This excursion starts when the sperm and egg cell join in one of the two fallopian tubes. The prepared egg, known as a zygote, at that point pushes toward the uterus, an excursion that can take as long as seven days to finish. Cell division beginsâ and proceeds quickly shaping a blastocyst. At long last, the blastocyst shows up at the uterus and connected to the uterine divider, a procedure known as implantation. The origination stage is fundamentally the preliminary and starter procedure of pre-birth advancement that prepares and readies the body for the approaching pregnancy. When implantation has happen the blastocyst is forms into an incipient organism. This subsequent stage, theâ embryonic periodâ occurs 2 two months after origination. This is alluded as the most significant phase of pre-birth devllopment as the central advancement of the undeveloped organism starts here. During this period, the pace of cell division builds, emotionally supportive networks for the phones structure, and organs show up. The mass of cells connected to the uterine divider structures two layers and is presently called the undeveloped organism. Theâ inner layer of cells of the undeveloped organism is the endodermâ which forms into stomach related and respiratory frameworks. We will compose a custom exposition test on Stages of Prenantal Development explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Stages of Prenantal Development explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Stages of Prenantal Development explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Theâ ectoderm which is the external layer of cells will turn into the sensory system and tangible receptors, for example, ears, nose, and eyes, and skin. The center layer known as theâ mesoderm will form into the circulatory framework, bones, muscle, excretory framework, and regenerative framework. By the eighth week teeth and digestion tracts start the structure too. From the eleventh week onwards, the kid is known as an embryo, and this stage is the remainder of the pre-birth improvement course of events. This stage comes full circle in the introduction of the kid. Improvement of the hatchling proceeds quickly all through the greater part of this period. The baby creates hair, nails, vocal lines, private parts, solidified bones, and a working liver and kidneys. By about the twentieth week fat beginnings collecting under the skin, the heart begins siphoning more measures of blood every day, and the infant likewise begins encountering hiccups. The pace of improvement proceeds gradually as other body frameworks, for example, tendons, mind and eyes keep creating. Up to the 40th week, the primary undertaking is the arrangement of the lungs, as most other body parts and organs are prepared. The youngster begins creating vital insusceptibilities, and furthermore begins filling out to confront the external condition. By about the 39th week, the youngster will be fit to be naturally introduced to this world. During pregnancy there are 3 trimesters. A trimester is alluded to as a three months time frame. Most generally, the main trimester is characterized as from origination through week 14. The subsequent trimester is from week 14 through week 28. What's more, the third trimester is from week 28 through work and convey, which shifts extensively yet midpoints at week 40.

The Services Sector as a Major Driver of UAEs Economy

The excursion of United Arab Emirate’s (UAE) change from an oil-subordinate economy into a differentiated one has been long and supported, yet additionally successful.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on The Services Sector as a Major Driver of UAE’s Economy explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Indeed, scholastics and analysts are currently of the assessment that UAE has prevailing with regards to building up a self-continuing, multi-segment and enhanced economy, with the ability to create gigantic capital gains freely of the old oil industry (Davidson, 2009). The UAE inclination to expand its financial base emerged from the dread that overreliance on oil fares would before long render its economy helpless to the vagrancies of worldwide economy and other wild occasions, and that it was essential to keep up an equalization of exchange and draw in outside direct venture to shield the Emirates from unsteady oil costs (Karnik Fernand es, 2009; Davidson, 2009). Somewhere in the range of three decades down the line, examine exhibits that UAE’s administrations part has developed to turn into an essential constituent of the country’s financial development. The cerebrums behind the quick advancement of UAE’s administrations industry lie in the similarly fast improvement of the Kingdom’s budgetary administrations division, lodging and relaxation segment, and the expedient mix of information based enterprises (Davidson, 2009). In the multiplication of the money related administrations area, scholastics and specialists note that this space has been basic in financing colossal monetary ventures and activities embraced in the nation (Boleat, 2005). While UAE’s Central Bank has contributed hugely to the developing certainty of speculators in the money related segment, the Emirates International Bank (EIB) has, since its charging in 1982, â€Å"†¦provided low-premium delicate advance s in overabundance of $350 million to different new business ventures, particularly those disconnected to the oil sector† (Davidson, 2009 p. 112).Advertising Looking for explore paper on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consequently, it very well may be contended that the arrangement of delicate credits by these foundations combined with the development of authority account organizations keep on adding to the protection of monetary estimation of land and lodging ventures attempted in UAE (Boleat, 2005). In equivalent expansiveness, outside possessed monetary establishments, for example, HSBC, Barclays and Citibank, have been instrumental in prodding UAE’s send out import business by benefiting transient funding to financial specialists (Davidson, 2009). These elements have added to remarkable monetary development and manageability for UAE. Moving to the remarkable development of the inn and recreation division, it is obvious that the quantity of business and relaxation sightseers visiting UAE have impressively expanded since the time the Kingdom got focused on building up an extravagance universal traveler industry since the 1990’s (Davidson, 2009). To be sure, as indicated by this creator, Dubai has risen as a sensible option in contrast to the Mediterranean and Florida because of its notable inns and amusement hotspots, winter sun, long and amazing stretches of sandy sea shores, and shallow oceans. By and by Dubai isn't just a blasting worldwide financial center point, yet in addition a remarkable retreat goal, definitely in light of choice extravagant lodging activities, for example, the very good quality Jumeirah Beach Hotel and the world’s initial seven star inn Burj Al-Arab (Davidson, 2009). Accessible figures from the Dubai Department of Tourism and Commerce Marketing (DTCM) show that Dubai developed the top traveler goal as far as inn inhabita nce levels and normal income per accessible space for January 2012, enlisting a gigantic 86.2 percent inhabitance level for the month, up from 75.4 percent enrolled in January 2011 (Kapur, 2012). By 2007, Dubai was accepting an expected 6.5 million sightseers for each year, up from 3.4 million recorded in 2000 (Davidson, 2009).Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on The Services Sector as a Major Driver of UAE’s Economy explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such a flood in bed inhabitance and visitor numbers isn't just a definite declaration that the inn and recreation part is contributing enormously to UAE’s Gross Domestic Product, yet in addition fills in as a striking pointer of the Emirate’s resolve to broaden its economy from oil reliance. As proposed by Davidson (2009), UAE’s overwhelming interests in framework and recreation, including the formation of Port Rashid, Port Jabel Ali, Dubai International Airport (DX B), Dubailand Theme Park, yearly shopping celebrations, and presentation the travel industry, keep on pulling in a large number of business and relaxation voyagers into the Kingdom. This view is fortified by Scott (2012), who recommends that UAE’s foundation, particularly ocean ports and world class air terminals, gives simple access all through the nation to the benefit of vacationers and financial specialists. In conclusion, in the job of information based businesses, it is beneficial to take note of that the vital activities embraced to change UAE into an information based economy has had positive results for the nation, yet in addition for the region’s coordination and participation endeavors (Emirates Competitiveness Council, 2011). The Dubai Internet City opened its entryways in late 2000 to benefit to more than 100 corporations’ the data innovation (IT) foundation that has demonstrated basic to the Kingdom’s monetary development. The foundation inc orporates a committed submarine web link (Davidson, 2009). Strangely, as per this specific creator, â€Å"†¦by 2007 the City had extended to house almost 850 organizations utilizing approximately 10,000 laborers, and now brags the Middle Eastern central command driving innovation firms including Microsoft, Hewlett-Packard, Dell, and Canon† (p. 117). The UAE is likewise home to Dubai Media City, an aggregation of provincial and worldwide media brands, including LBC, Al-Arabiya administration, Al-Jezeera, CNN, BBC and Reuters, among others (Davidson, 2009).Advertising Searching for look into paper on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Therefore, it is sheltered to contend that UAE’s money related administrations segment, lodging and recreation segment, and the development of information based ventures, are distinctive markers of the predominance of the country’s administrations division as an essential constituent of its monetary development and flourishing. Reference List Boleat, M 2005, ‘Housing account in the United Arab Emirates’, Housing Finance International, vol. 19 no. 3, pp. 3-6. Davidson, C.M 2009, Dubai: The defenselessness of accomplishment, Columbia University Press, New York City. Emirates Competitiveness Council 2011, Policy in real life: The UAE in the worldwide information economy, Issue 1. Web. Kapur, V 2012, Six sure signs that show Dubai’s economy is blasting once more. Web. Karnik, A.V Fernandes, C 2009, ‘Natural asset reliance: A macroeconometric model for the UAE’, Applied Economics, vol. 41 no. 9, pp. 1157-1174. Scott, K (2012, May 31). UAE wor ld’s sixteenth most serious economy, Gulf News. Web. This exploration paper on The Services Sector as a Major Driver of UAE’s Economy was composed and put together by client Ella Dyer to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it appropriately. You can give your paper here.

Net Neutrality and Freedom on the Internet

Unhindered internet and Freedom on the Internet Unhindered internet: The end of web opportunity The web has been one of the best innovative advances at any point found over the most recent 40 years. It has made the ways for some new advances in numerous different fields and has changed the way the world works today. Presently, the FCC (Federal Communications Commission) and the legislature have concluded that they have to control it. In principle, the guideline they might want to set up appears to be a smart thought. The guideline they are setting up is called unhindered internet and it should complete three things. The three things that unhindered internet plans to do is no hindering, no throttling, and no paid prioritization. These all appear as though smart thoughts and they are, the main issue is the thing that must be yielded all together for the legislature to guarantee these guidelines are authorized. Unhindered internet laws ought to be expelled so the web can keep on developing. The primary new principle of Net Neutrality is no blocking. As indicated by CNET, this implies the ISP (Internet Service Provider) can't square access of any lawful substance, administrations, or applications. The key here is the thing that does the legislature think about legitimate. Individuals would be amazed the amount of what they see online every day may not be viewed as legitimate by the administration. Another issue with the administration blocking access to these specific site and administrations is that with the end goal for them to square somebody from visiting an illicit site or administration, they should screen them constantly. On the off chance that somebody isn't being observed, they could simply visit that site or administration as they could previously. In this way, by making exacting new principles to hinder any unlawful substance, the FCC will consistently be observing everything that everybody is doing on the web. This will give the legislature an unheard of leve l of access to peoples’ individual lives and nothing will be totally private any longer. Another basic happening today is systems and frameworks being hacked (Science Alert). This requires quick execution of new security techniques and conventions to forestall mass hacking. All in all, what happens when the legislature will be associated with the ISP’s? Each time an ISP needs to do a system update, it will probably should be affirmed by the administration first so as to ensure that it is as yet consenting to the no blocking rules. That way, an ISP couldn't subtly begin hindering an assistance without the FCC monitoring it. As can be shown by how quick and effective a mail station works, the administration isn't exceptionally quick in what it does, this implies if another system helplessness is discovered, it is conceivable that in the time it takes for the legislature to investigate and affirm the update, a programmer or gathering of programmers could have just hacked into the system and begin taking data from a huge number of individuals. How could this be improved? The appropriate response is no blocking, period. ISP’s basically don't have to obstruct any substance of any sort except if their own framework distinguishes that it is a danger. Utilizing this technique, it would permit all substance to be accessible to everybody similarly as the vast majority are utilized to now. Be that as it may, with a robotized danger indicator, it would make the web more secure also and less helpless against infections and other hacking dangers. This is essentially how the web functions at the present time. Basically, the administration doesn't have to fix what isn't broken as of now. In any case, the administration doesn't need things to be that straightforward. The thinking behind their no blocking strategy isn't to shield individuals from the huge shrewdness web access suppliers, yet rather it is with the goal that nobody is downloading or seeing anything illicit (Wired). Something else, the legislature would have little enthusiasm for the no blocking strategy. This is essentially a route for them to get their foot in the entryway to square individuals from doing anything they decide to be unlawful on the web. Here are a few instances of illicit things that the vast majority do each day on the web and dont even understand its unlawful. For models, it is unlawful to counterfeit a name on the web, it is illicit to utilize promotion blocking programming, and it is illicit to spare pictures from the web since they are somebody elses property. Individuals see loads of unlawful substance on YouTube constantly and one of the more strange things that is illicit to do o nline is to post anybody singing upbeat birthday since it is a copyrighted melody. In the event that this standard of Net Neutrality were to be kept, a significant number of the opportunities that individuals can encounter online today would be gone. Not any more cheerful birthday recordings on YouTube. The following principle that Net Neutrality will authorize is no throttling. This implies ISP’s can't back off or accelerate certain administrations as long as they are lawful (USA Today). This returns again to the issue of what does the legislature think about lawful on the web. The genuine point here, however, is that an ISP ought not have the option to hinder a specific assistance since they utilize a great deal of data transmission or in the event that they are giving substance that the ISP doesn't concur with. A case of this throttling happening is on the off chance that somebody were attempting to see content on a contender of the ISP that somebody is as of now bought in to. In this way, in the event that somebody on Comcast’s arrange was attempting to see a report on a site other than NBC (Comcast possesses NBC), it is conceivable that Comcast could throttle them since they are seeing substance on a contending news organize site. This is the place the possibility of no throttling is a generally excellent thought, it isn't directly for one organization to throttle information to hinder access to a contender. In any case, there is one viewpoint of throttling that the legislature doesn't think about. In certain cases, throttling guarantees that numerous individuals are not obstructed by the utilization of the couple of. At the end of the day, a couple of individuals could be hoarding huge amounts of accessible transfer speed to get to a media serious site or administration while every other person winds up with decreased speeds and system dependability while they attempt to do less data transfer capacity escalated undertakings. This has been getting less of an issue as ISP’s keep on putting resources into their foundation and attempt to improve all out accessible data transfer capacity with the goal that more individuals can be getting to progressively content simultaneously. A case of throttling being fundamental, be that as it may, wa s exhibited when an application on Android turned out to be exceptionally famous and everybody was utilizing it to convey, which caused a gigantic data transfer capacity issue over the T-Mobile system. So as to keep the system stable with the goal that everybody could even now utilize it in some limit, T-Mobile needed to throttle the clients who were utilizing the correspondence application. For this situation, the necessities of the many exceeded the requirements of the couple of. It’s cases like these where throttling can be a need so as to keep up arrange respectability. Netflix has frequently been the casualty of throttling. Right around 33% of the web traffic, today, is from individuals gushing Netflix (Time). Most systems currently have the capacity to consider that. Be that as it may, a couple of years back, when Netflix was beginning to turn into large, this was a serious strain on the present systems and by and large individuals would stall out with buffering in light of the fact that the ISP’s were throttling Netflix so as to keep the system in working request. Throttling is a self-tackling issue from multiple points of view. In the event that individuals grumble that a help they like is being throttled, at that point the ISP should make enhancements to deal with the extra traffic and this prompts arrange enhancements and a general better help. The part that can be an issue is the point at which an ISP attempts to throttle a contender, which is when Net Neutrality could be acceptable. Notwithstanding, this issue also can act naturally tackling. On the off chance that somebody is attempting to see something from a contender of the ISP and they continue getting throttled, they will either gripe or they will switch ISP’s. This will at that point power the ISP to quit throttling that site or they will lose clients. Along these lines, by and by, the issue comprehends itself without the administration expecting to mediate. The third principle of Net Neutrality is no paid prioritization. This is intended to keep any ISP from preferring some legitimate traffic over other lawful traffic that has paid them (Wired). This is frequently alluded to as â€Å"no quick lanes.† The most ideal approach to see this is to think about a parkway. State there are eight paths to this expressway and as far as possible is the equivalent for six of the paths. Be that as it may, two of the paths have a higher speed restrain and have less traffic, however they require a cost to utilize them. This is fundamentally what some ISPs have been doing. They will charge certain organizations to utilize these quicker and less clogged paths so their administration is better. The thought behind this third standard of Net Neutrality is that nobody gains admittance to fast tracks and everybody has equivalent access to everything. In principle, this is a good thought, however the issue here is like the issue with the second Net Neutr ality rule. In the event that one help is utilizing a large portion of the data transfer capacity, they ought to need to pay a premium to be a channel on the system. At the point when a gigantic data transmission utilizing organization like Netflix is being utilized on a system, it is an immense channel on the system and it requires regularly costly moves up to be made so as to deal with that new transfer speed request. These update costs are halfway because of the way that the data transfer capacity hoard is hindering the systems execution, so they ought to need to pay a premium for a fast track with the goal that it can balance the expense of system overhauls. This additionally permits the system to progress and in general development the manner in which the web is utilized. At the point when another organization comes around and begins putting a strain on the system, this makes it so the system should be updated so as to deal with it which prompts a general better system. On the off chance that there is no paid prioritization, at that point ISP’s will be unable to legitimize the expenses related with making system upgrades and afterward that will prompt a far and away more terrible assistance

Somalia and Somaliland Security Status Essay - 4400 Words

Somalia and Somaliland Security Status (Essay Sample) Content: Somalia and Somaliland Security StatusNameInstitutionsDateConflict remain as a main challenge in Somali as compared to Somaliland. Competition for scarce resources and power, environmental degradation, lack of a common national vision and state fragility have highly contributed to the state of Somali security issues. Different organized armed groups and the proliferation of light and small arms accessibility have also increased insecurity in the country.Conventional attempts have been made to stabilize Somalia though the conflict has defied the strategies developed by the international communities. There exist various questions on the right stride to be adopted to enhance security and stable Somali CITATION Seb00 \l 1033 (Taylor, 2000). In this case, diagnosis of the conflict has been developed through intervention of international communities and effective solutions are being adopted and implemented through various strategies of recapturing of some areas controlled by illegal groups.The Federal Government of Somali can manage security stabilization through reaching out to Somaliland, Puntland, security stabilization in South-Central Somali and the adoption of development of professional and inclusive mechanism in security sector. This paper focus on establishing the causes and drivers of insecurity in Somali as compared to Somaliland CITATION Ken08 \l 1033 (Rutherford, 2008). Accomplishment of this objective depends on understanding the current and existing drivers of conflicts and insecurity in Somalia and the policies adopted by Somaliland to heighten security. Somaliland is a region of post conflict recovery but has maintained unique and relative peace with stability prevailing in the region. Somaliland enjoys stability as significantly reflected by low level of conflicts and positive perception regarding state safety and cohesiveness among the communities.Causes of insecurity in Somali as compared to SomalilandThis section scrutinizes the structures that steers the level of insecurity in Somalia as compared to low in Somaliland. The root cause of the of Somali state consider the bedrock of insecurity that have enhanced insecurity in long-term basis.Colonial legacyThe conflict and insecurity of Somalia can be drawn to the colonial administration that led to division in the country into Somalia, Italian Somaliland, British Somaliland and the French Somaliland (Djibouti). The division of the country not only facilitated to clans division but facilitated to inequality among the clans. Typically, colonial division in Somalia was based on exploitation and oppression of the citizens a trend that was inherited by the subsequent administration. The ruling elites after colonial administration were from Medug and Mejertinia clans. The power in this clans were enhanced by favors that colonial administration gave to clans that delivered the interests rather than the capable people CITATION The08 \l 1033 (Theissen, 2008). In thi s case, nepotism continued after independence and this can be substantiated by the existence Somaliland territory that seeks self-rule from Somalia. The insecurity increased as the division of the country brought conflicts among the clans based on divided regions halting the governance of the country. The conflicts hindered stability in the country leading to increase of insecurity in Somalia. The Somaliland stability was enhanced by the division due to the increased resources gained during the colonial administration enhancing stability of the country in terms of economic and effective governance. The stability has continuously lowered the level of insecurity with the regions working hard to gain sovereignty from Somalia such as Djibouti that used to be French Somaliland.The colonial legacy also facilitated to conflicts and insecurity while the leaders supported both west and the USSR. In this case, Somali managed to build the largest army in Africa as the leaders were in a positio n to access resources from both power frons that existed. The largest army later turned to killing Somalia citizens and rebuilding illegal groups based on clans. The army continued to abusing human rights until the fall of the regime in 1991. Since 1991 Somalia has continuously experienced difficulty times in terms of stability leading to existence of different groups rebuilding with the existence of large army that was created in the previous regime. The groups have rebuild to the extent of raising money to finance the acquisition of firearms to stabilize themselves CITATION UND12 \l 1033 (UNDP, 2012). Different illegal groups existing in Somali has led to increase of insecurity. Moreover, the acquisition of firearms by citizens have increased the level of insecurity since rules and regulation does not exist in the country. In this case, the county does not have state army and police that can control the level of insecurity activities in the country leading to expansion and growth of this activities. Comparing this situation to Somaliland the region has managed to control the expansion of illegal activities through existence of rules and regulation empowering the state army and the police to minimize the insecurity in the region.Governance crises and state fragilityThe security sector of Somali is weak and can no longer guarantee the security to all the citizens in the country attributing to increased insecurity experienced in the country. The weakness in the security arise due to the crises in the governance of Somalia that has not managed to strengthen the activities of the country to the extent of maintaining and controlling the illegal activities carried out by the outlawed groups. The crises of governance has facilitated to failure of stipulating a constitution that guides the country on policies to be upheld in enhancing security in the country. In Somaliland security enhancement revolves around effective and stable government that have enacted rules a nd regulations to guide the region on issues of security. In this case, Somaliland have a functional ministry regarding security and this ensures effective measures on security are enacted CITATION Chr04 \l 1033 (Webersik, 2004). Strategies and policies of security adopted by Somaliland are efficiently implemented due to existence of effective ministry and the army.Crises in governance in Somali creates venerability of security in that, measures focusing on insecurity are not implemented. Moreover, the failure of functional security ministry, army and the police leads to strengthening and establishment of outlawed groups. For instance, the failure of Somalia governance led to establishment of Al-shabab that has continuously carried out insecurity activities in the country. The cementation of the group in the country has been boosted by the control of some strategic regions where it raises revenues to increase resources of managing the army and continuous recruitment in the group. The control of strategic places such as ports and areas where illegal business are effectively carried out has enhanced the increase and development of the group leading to issues of insecurity being rampant. The group carries out insecurity activities as a strategy to recruit and radicalize people in the outlawed group. Comparing to Somaliland outlawed group do not exist due to strong army and the existence of cohesiveness that has been created by the government to ensure illegal activities are reported ensuring security of the citizens CITATION Ric04 \l 1033 (Gueli, 2004). Moreover, the existence of formal judicial system in the region ensures the level of insecurity is lowered as compared to informal and nonfunctional judicial system in country Somalia.Judicial system assists in ensuring security is enhanced through apprehending and prosecution where necessary but due to crises in governance in Somali apprehending and prosecution functions does not exist. The inability of the go vernment to restore security in capital city and stabilize the functioning of the city has continuously led to insecurity issues despite the government being in control. The inability to control reflects the incompetence of the government security structures leading to strengthening of illegal activities being carried out. The continuous carrying out of these activities arise due to failed strategies adopted by the government on security. The incompetent of the security structure to reach the point of controlling or implementing policies that out power the rival groups pressuring the government policies increases venerability of the Somalia security CITATION Mar00 \l 1033 (Kaldor, 2000).The continuous recruitment and radicalizing of youths in various illegal groups in Somalia fuels due to poor governance that exist in Somalia. The groups manages to recruit and radicalize people given that many people grew in chaotic and turbulent environment where oppression, use of a gun and impu nity was a normal thing. The government has failed to change the perception of people regarding visualizing peaceful situation leading to increase of insecurity in the country.The poor governance existing in Somalia has enabled the importation of firearms in the country. The prevalent access of fire arms in Somalia has attributed to increase of insecurity in the country. The firearms are used to carry out activities that subject people to insecurity. This has led to increased migration as people as they look for secure places. Moreover, ineffective governance has resulted to free entry in the country presenting a strategic area where illegal activities are carried out. These activities such as drug trafficking and piracy leads to increased revenues for the illegal groups to finance the operation of the captured regions from the country CITATION Ale15 \l 1033 (Lewis, 2015). Comparing to Somaliland free entry and exit of the country must be verified by the ...

How Do Cellphones Reduce Attention - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1347 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category Technology Essay Level High school Tags: Cell Phone Essay Did you like this example? Cellphones have become extremely popular over the years. They started out as being used for basic communication such as calling others. They then started to include letters under the numbers so that we can text. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How Do Cellphones Reduce Attention" essay for you Create order Now, cellphones are called smartphones. These phones allow consumers to do everything that can be done on a computer, and everything that can be done on a phone. They have become more of a distracting device as time goes by. The number of distracted students, drivers, employees, co-workers, family members, friends, have only gone up. Upon research, it has been proven that cellphones reduce our attention in various environments and situations. In this research, we will look at the different actions we take that make cellphones reduce our ability to pay attention fully. To start with, the use of cellphones has demonstrated weakened performance in multitasking. For example, students in class contribute to cellphones reducing attention. According to (Mendoza, Pody, Lee, Kim, McDonough 2018)Â   Young adults between the ages of 18–24 send or receive an average of 109 text messages per day. Although cellphones have other features such as voice call and web browsing, text messaging appears to be the most convenient method of communication among young adults. Such excessive cellphone use has brought researchers to focus on how this usage impacts learning and memory in classroom settings. Today, there is a major influence by social media and the addiction it has on students. In high school, it is still manageable to control students from using their cellphones. Teachers and administrators are able to put rules into place of not allowing students to use their cellphones. Everything is mostly done by hand, the old-fashioned way. On the other hand, in college it becomes more difficult due to the fact that students are now adults and they are responsible for all the actions they take. There are professors who prohibit the use of cellphones, but unfortunately it is inevitable to have the device on you and not be able to look at it. In this study by (Mendoza, Pody, Lee, Kim, McDonough 2018) it is stated that, Attention is optimal when individuals are focused on one task at a time. However, with many competent sources vying for our attention, both inside and outside the classroom, multitasking has become the norm for most members of the younger generations. Most students report to use social media, text, browse the web, do online shopping, and check emails during class. This poses a threat to students in the classroom mainly because their focus is elsewhere. The professor could have been saying something important, and the student might not have an understanding of what was said at a later time because they were not paying attention. As much as we think multitasking is efficient, there are many disadvantages to this as we only have a limit to the number of things we can pay attention to at a time. Long term memory also comes into play with the distraction of a cellphone. In order to effectively encode information, we must first process the sensory information from the lecture the professor is teaching, and then select the information that is made most important by the professor or the key concepts of the lecture that might show up in future exams or quizzes. This happens when we ignore distractions from the environment, and cellphones are one of those distractions that can complicate this process. Only a small portion of the information we input in our brain actually gets stored into our long-term memory. It is understandable that after an amount of time of listening to a large amount of information, it becomes difficult to continue trying to process all the information after a long period of time. Switching ones attention to a cellphone happens rather quickly, and results in cognitive outlays. The dependence on these devices can also cause anxiety. Knowing that it is in the s tudents backpack, or purse is just as much of a distraction. This also creates anxiety by constantly having the student thinking who could be texting, emailing, or what kind of notification it is. (Mendoza, Pody, Lee, Kim, McDonough 2018) state in their article that there is a general fear of not having access to their mobile device. This is referred to nomophobia. There was a questionnaire performed by (Yildrim and Correia, 2015) they demonstrated that nomophobia is constructed by four factors. The first is not being able to communicate, the second is losing connectedness, the third is not being able to access information, and lastly giving up convenience. Students in college go through this withdrawal method when they are sitting in class, mostly with tougher professors who dont allow cellphones. They might get up to use the bathroom frequently during class, or even leave early. This is a major distraction to most students and prohibits them from getting the full learning experience they should in the classroom. To prove the results of cellphones reducing students learning, there was a study performed. (Mendoza, Pody, Lee, Kim, McDonough 2018) recruited undergraduate psychology students from a small college in Arkansas. The students were asked to watch a twenty-minute TED talk. They were randomly placed in three groups. The first group was al lowed to use their cellphone. Group two was allowed to have the cellphone in their possession, without the permission of using it and on silent. The third group was not allowed to watch the TED talk with their cellphones on them. The end result of this study is that after they filled out the questionnaire, students who actually had their cellphones removed had the highest scores. Distracted driving is one of the major issues that come with cellphone use. While doing research on this topic, it is found that this is one of the most dangerous effects of cellphones reducing our attention. As students, as parents, as adults and teenagers, we need to drive. Driving is the way most of us get to places such as work, school, and home. The use of cellphones while driving is only increasing every day. It has become a public health concern in the recent years. In 2010, there were 995 fatalities reported and 24,000 injuries. This is believed to be caused by cellphone use while driving. As driving itself is considered a weapon, with cellphones involved it makes it worse. While driving a person doesnt only need to be attentive to what they are doing, but also be aware of others around. Cars are very heavy machines that can kill a person instantly if it is not driven carefully. When a person is driving and texting, the person is not even looking up to see what is happening on the road. According to (Weller, Shackleford, Dieckmann, Slovic 2012) a survey stated that 75% of the participants said they never leave their home without their phone, while 25% of the participants said that they would rather lose their wallet than lose their phone. This survey also proved the sentimental attachment that people have with their phones and thats why they cant leave their house without it. Unfortunately, this excessive use of cell phones continues to grow with drivers all around the world. To further support the danger of distractions with cellphones while driving, there was a study conducted by (Weller, Shackleford, Dieckmann, Slovic 2012.) they asked participants within the age of 17-28, with a valid license in good standing, drove at least three times per week, and lastly owned a cellphone. The participants who were under 18, were allowed to join in the study with pare ntal permission and supervision. As a result, 89% claimed that they have called someone while driving, 62.3% claimed that they have texted while driving, 21.5% claimed that they have either read or wrote a text message while driving. For the participants who had data service on their phones, 16.8% claimed that they have used Facebook, Instagram, snapchat and other social media platforms while driving, and 22.4% claimed to have used any other apps that they have available on their phones. This includes games, shopping apps, and news apps. In the table below, endorsement rates were also summarized by the attachment of participants and their cellphones.

The Mystery of the Salem Witch Trails of 1692 - 623 Words

If we were to look through American history, we can witness many victories as well as many shames. One of the most famous ignominies was the Salem witch trials in 1692. During the witch trials, many were wrongfully accused and some were executed. There are many theories about why this horror story commenced, but there are no clear appointed reasons. Medical factors may have contributed to the events such as ergot poisoning, traumatic stress, and mass hysteria. Considering that this was an early time in American history, it was likely that these factors were overlooked and ignored. This is a mystery impossible to overlook. The first accusations were made by Reverend Parris’ niece, Abigail and daughter Betty. At the time Parris’ daughter was sick and no one could diagnose her with any medical issues. She showed symptoms of throwing temper tantrums, spoke in strange manners, and sensations of being pinched, among others. Health professionals believe that their actions were reflections of post-traumatic syndrome or perhaps abusive parents (The Economist, A31). Had Betty’s behaviors been examined by professionals today, they may have been able to diagnose her properly. There were other girls aged between 11 and 16 years, who complained of similar symptoms such as a lofty amount of emotions and pains, which were then given the authority to accuse the witches who were responsible (McHugh 20). At first glance it is evident that the girls were probably going through adolescence,Show MoreRelatedSalem Witch Trials, By Liv Turske908 Words   |  4 Pages Salem Witch Trials Liv Turske Abstract The Salem Witch Trials was from 1692-1693, in the town of Salem, Massachusetts. There was a circle of girls who wanted to have a little fun so they got involved in the sport of witchcraft. They went to the minister’s house every day to visit Tituba, the Caribbean slave, to join her for palm and tea leaf reading. The girls took it too far though. They pretended to have fits and started accusing people of being witches. They went so far that peopleRead MoreThe Crucible: Characters1538 Words   |  7 PagesThe Crucible: Characters Chetan Patel The Crucible, a play by Arthur Miller that was first produced in 1953, is based on the true story of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692. Miller wrote the play to parallel the situations in the mid-twentieth century of Alger Hiss, Owen Latimore, Julius and Ethel Rosenburg, and Senator McCarthy, if only suggestively. (Warshow 116) Some characters in the play have specific agendas carried out by their accusations, and the fact that the play is based on historicalRead MoreAnalysis Of Young Goodman Brown By Nathaniel Hawthorne1600 Words   |  7 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† Hawthorne presents the tale of a young man from Salem, Massachusetts during colonial America. One night, Brown accidentally witnesses a witches meeting in the forest where he sees the rest of the town, including his wife Faith, in attendance. This comes as quite a shock to Brown and the next morning but he cannot remember whether or not the scene was real of simply a dream. Regardless, from then on Brown lives his life in opposition toRead MoreCorrupting Society In Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1885 Words   |  8 PagesCorrupting Society In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† Hawthorne presents the tale of a young man from Salem, Massachusetts during colonial America. One night, Brown accidentally witnesses a witches meeting in the forest where he sees the rest of the town, including his wife Faith, in attendance. This comes as quite a shock to Brown and the next morning, but he cannot remember whether or not the scene was real of simply a dream. Regardless, from then on Brown lives his lifeRead MoreWhat Triggered The Witch Craze?1564 Words   |  7 PagesJoseph Bohannon Dr. Wirts History 4342 January 28 2017 What triggered the witch craze? Most historians agree that the witch craze began in the 15th century, during the early modern period. However, many factors that contributed to the witch craze had been brewing for several centuries prior, in as early as the 12th century we see the persecution of heresy by the Medieval Inquisition, which is basically a large-scale model of religious groups suppressing and killing anyone who does not agree with

Business Sustainability Eagle Valley Health Foods Company

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Sustainabilityfor Eagle Valley Health Foods Company. Answer: Introduction In this research paper, the researchers make a research on the business stability of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company. This Eagle Valley Health Foods Company is situated in Australia. It is basically a food base company which produces organic and healthy snacks bar which are generally made by cereals and dry fruits. The Eagle Valley Health Foods Company, for the first 3 years has operated their company throughout Adelaide, which is located in South Australia. However, after three years of business now they start to gain the little amount of profit because nowadays the public is conscious about healthy foods (Aggerholm and Trapp, 2014). According to the case study, Mr. Martin Clifton, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company, wants to develop their company profile by improving their corporate business activities and by engaging their focus on the corporate business sustainability. According to Mr. Martin Clifton, the corporate business sustainability hel ps the company to gain a good reputation in future also. For these reasons, Mr. Martin Clifton, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company, wants a professional advice or consult from a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) consultant to put into practice the activities related to the corporate business sustainability and to include the initiatives which are related to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) within their organization (Eagle et al., 2015). The CEO of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company, always try to maintain and give value to the economic factors, ecological factors and the factors which are related to the cultural health of their community. For these reasons, the CEO of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company tries to make an efficient effort to involve involving their employees and business partners to learn their surrounding environment very well (White, 2016). By the help of this research study, the researchers came to know about some issues of the Eagle Valley Health Foods Company which have happened at the time of performing the activities related to the Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR). Findings Discussions According to the research study, the researchers found that Mr. Martin Clifton wants a professional advice or consult from a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) consultant to put into practice the activities related to the corporate business sustainability. In last few years, the Eagle Valley Health Foods Company faces a lot of issues or problems related to the re-utilization of the package materials which hampers their environment and cause the hazard. For this reason, Mr. Martin Clifton engages his entire focus on the development of the packaging activities of their products (Falck, 2016). Recently, the Eagle Valley Health Foods Company start to packet their food products by a material named as polypropylene. According to the case study, Mr. Martin Clifton, the CEO of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company accept this sustainable method to improve their packaging activities which are really needed by the company for achieving a good position within their target market and also want to supply the products which are more friendly to their environment and community (Jespersen and Huffman, 2014). The challenge which is taken by the CEO of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company regarding the change of design of packaging give an effective outcome by maintaining a good balance between the packaging activities and the products of that company to achieve success within their target market and also maintain the environmental issues (Gaudion, 2016). The researchers also found that due to the environmental acidification and eutrophication process, the packages of their products have shown low impacts on their environment. Various types of new tools and types of machinery are implemented within the company to improve and develop their packaging designs and can able to promote more sustainable and greener package design which has become absolutely environmentally friendly. According to the case study, the researchers also found another issue related to the more consuming of water in their products. The CEO of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company, convey a message that their products that are the healthy snacks bar consume more water and in last 2 years, the rate of consumption of water increases rapidly (Grnman, 2012). The increase in the rate of water consumption causes a hazard in their production. For that reason, the CEO of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company tries to reduce the amount of consumption of water in the possible areas. For this reason, the CEO of the Eagle Valley Health Foods Company also engaged his focus on the factor of reducing the amount of consumption of water. The first approach of the company should be to review the requirement of quality and quantity of water within each and every stage of the manufacturing process (Hrisch, Johnson and Schaltegger, 2014). After reviewing the estimation which has an entire focus on the minimization of the consumption of water, the company identified several opportunities with the help of which they can c apture and reuse the water in their other possible areas. By the help of these activities, the CEO of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company can able to reduce the water level which is taken of the products by 32 percent approximately and also increase the profit level of the company. Conclusion Recommendations According to the research study, the researchers found that the Eagle Valley Health Foods Company faces a lot of environmental issues or problems related to the re-utilization of the package materials. That is why Mr. Martin Clifton keeps his complete focus on the development of the packaging activities of their products. For this reason, they start to make their packages by an environmentally friendly material named, propylene. The CEO of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company also found another issue related to the more consuming of water in their products. For these reasons, the researchers recommend that the CEO of the company should keep reviewing the whole production process on a timely basis. These will help to identify more opportunities by the help of which they can able to develop and improve their entire production process and also become successful to increase the profit amount of the company. Reference Aggerholm, H. and Trapp, N. (2014). Three tiers of CSR: an instructive means of understanding and guiding contemporary company approaches to CSR?.Business Ethics: A European Review, 23(3), pp.235-247. Eagle, L., Low, D., Case, P. and Vandommele, L. (2015). Attitudes of undergraduate business students toward sustainability issues.International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 16(5), pp.650-668. Falck, O. (2016).Corporate social responsibility: Doing well by doing good. [online] Sciencedirect.com. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com [Accessed 21 Nov. 2016]. Gaudion, P. (2016). Focus On Resource Scarcity Promotes Profitability. [online] Parmalat. Available at: https://www.parmalat.com.au [Accessed 21 Nov. 2016]. Grnman, K. (2012).Framework for Sustainable Food Packaging Design. [online] Wileyonlinelibrary.com. Available at: https://www.wileyonlinelibrary.com [Accessed 21 Nov. 2016]. Hrisch, J., Johnson, M. and Schaltegger, S. (2014). Implementation of Sustainability Management and Company Size: A Knowledge-Based View.Business Strategy and the Environment, 24(8), pp.765-779. Jespersen, L. and Huffman, R. (2014). Building food safety into the company culture: a look at Maple Leaf Foods.Perspectives in Public Health, 134(4), pp.200-205. White, T. (2016). Saving Water Makes Us Happy Little Vegemites. [online] Available at: https://www.kraft.com.au [Accessed 21 Nov. 2016].

Jewish Identity in America

In his article â€Å"Identity and Jewish Education†, Cohen (2008) postulates that sociologists determine Jewish identity according to the three B’s components: â€Å"Belief, Behavior, and Belonging† (p.75). I was born in a secular family of four children. However, my father used to attend synagogue only on major holidays, to be part of our Jewish community or so I think; or as Cohen describes it, to feel a sense of belonging.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Jewish Identity in America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In regard to Jewish behavior, I strongly remember a powerful memory of a Jewish ritual that happened twenty nine years ago. I was just ten years old when my dad’s mother died. The picture I had in my sad sobbing eyes will stay with me forever. I remembered my father sitting on the floor and crying; the top part of his shirt was torn in the middle. Both my mother and my sist er were sitting on the bed with red puffy eyes. As soon as my mom noticed my presence, she got closer to me and hugged me. She told me that my dad’s mother â€Å"turned to be a butterfly and that she is flying towards her freedom now.† Only later I knew that my dad’s torn shirt was a symbol of a Jewish tradition ‘mourner custom’ for the death of a first close relation. Nevertheless, my beliefs, in regard to Judaism, have changed dramatically throughout my life span. When I was fifteen years old, my parents made a decision, which set me into deep thinking for the next few years. They embraced the Jewish culture with such devotion that I could clearly tell they had strongly decided to keep a distinct boundary between the Jewish laws and the outside world. The death of my brother’s father in-law prompted my older brother as well as my parents to make the decision. The rabbi, who presided over the mourning period, argued them to become staunch Je ws in a bid to make my brother’s father in-law enter heaven. As a teenager, I was furious and mostly afraid to change my lifestyle. I thought that the rabbi was taking advantage of my parents at such a moment to pull them out of their secular way of life. Consequently, due to the rabbi’s advice coupled with a seven days seminar called ‘Arachim’, my parents turned to be very sacred. The rest of us did not want to be associated with the idea. Nevertheless, despite my parents’ acceptance of the change, they did not drag us into it probably because they thought they would force us to hate and shun our Jewish identity altogether. In his article â€Å"The Jews Within,† Cohen’s suggests that â€Å"the death, or divorce, of a spouse seems linked with further declines in Jewish activity in the home or community,† however, my personal experience, as I described above, thought me differently.Advertising Looking for essay on history? L et's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Following my parents change of faith, I strongly resented any activity concerning the Jewish rituals. Even though my parents tried to convince me to participate in some activities, I still could not change my opinion. I felt that the ‘Halacha’ took my parents away from me, because it demands a strict behavior. Cohen (2000) postulates that â€Å"Sabbath is another area of practice that requires attention and resolution† (p. 61). I, definitely, can identify with this statement. For one thing, my parents were no longer able to drive on Sabbath. In addition, my brothers and I were forced to participate in the ‘Kidush’ on Friday evenings; for a teenager, it was quite a problematic situation since I was supposed to have joined my friends, but instead I had to stay at home. Lastly, since my mother would not allow cooking or making a fire during the Sabbath, we were always und er pressure and stress to prepare dinner right in time.  I can also remember a specific event that caused a huge argument between my parents and me. It was during the Sabbath following the birth of my eldest son. My father, among other parents, asked God to bless my newly born child. Before the event, I was told by my parents to not give a name before my baby’s circumcision. I remember asking my father the reason behind this request, however, he was reluctant to answer me. I was so upset with this requirement since I did not understand the logic behind it. It was only after the rabbi’s teaching that day, that I learnt a lot about the naming of children according to the Jewish law. According to the ‘Halacha’, the naming of boys occurs eight days after they are born; that is, during their circumcision. On the other hand, naming of girls occurs on the Sabbath following their birth. I have also observed this in the naming of my youngest twins. In addition, i n providing chairs to the participants of the circumcision of my son, I realized that my mother had provided an extra seat. As if this was not enough, she also provided some wine, which she said was for the little baby. I wondered how my mother could give wine to such an innocent infant though I did not give it much thought. Once the ceremony was over, I did not hesitate to ask my mother about the significance of the extra seat and the wine. She told me that the extra seat signified the presence of Elijah. It is meant for the continuation, or rather for the propagation, of the Jewish faith in all generations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Jewish Identity in America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Concerning the wine, she explained that she gave a few drops to the baby to relief his pain. I also learnt about the role of the ‘minyan’, ‘sandek’, in the early life of my baby boy. I was s urprised to find out, at the age of twenty seven, not only about naming of Jewish children, but also the practice of circumcision. As cited in Cohen’s article (2000),  Ã¢â‚¬ ¦women have been more involved in the intimate aspects of their families than men  Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Jewishly committed fathers, in contrast with jewishly committed mothers, emerge as  principled, learned, educationally oriented, and involved in synagogue life. Mothers are  remembered for their immediate relationship with the children and other family members, for their greater responsibility for the home, holidays, and kashrut (pp.55-56). My mother played her role as a Jewish parent to educate me on the significance of our traditions in the Jewish society. I made sure that I followed every bit of it during my adulthood.  My paternal grandmother has also played a pivotal role in shaping my Jewish identity. Whenever I visited her, she could shower me with advice on how to maintain the integrity of the Jewis h culture. I remember her comforting nature during my youth stage; she once told me that it is normal for young people to neglect the Jewish laws in their attempt to appear sophisticated or ‘civilized’ especially in the eyes of their friends who do not follow the religion. Similarly, Cohen (2000) postulates that:  Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Jewish religious activities decline in the late teen years, (as does religious activity among other groups). It begins to climb again with marriage and jumps upward even more sharply with the arrival of children and, in particular, when the first child reaches elementary-school age (p. 45).  Clearly, my grandmother was right because, as I mentioned before, I was struggling to maintain my identity especially during my high school education I began participating in much Jewish’s activities, literally, a few years after my marriage, in particular after my arrival to the U.S. My husband and I came to New York 9 years ago. Similarly, to the Jewish immigrants that are presented in the movie â€Å"Hester Street† directed by Silver in 1975, we also decided to come in order to look for opportunities to fulfill ourselves. However, it was not until the birth of our twins that we decided to embrace the Jewish culture; it was our choice. Moreover, in order to serve as good role models for our children, my husband and I started going to the synagogue in our Jewish holidays, which we did not attend before as an adult.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Though there are moments that I feel so inadequate compared to my community, I know that I have done my best to maintain the Jewish culture for the sake of my children. In referring to first theme in ‘The Rise of the Sovereign Self, inalienability of being Jewish’: Cohen posits, â€Å"No matter what I do or don’t do, no matter what I believe or don’t believe, I’m still a Jew, and a good Jew – and no one can alienate me from my valid claims to identify as a Jew† (2008, p. 78). Last but not least, my military service has also been instrumental in shaping my Jewish identity. It has been a privilege to serve as a secretary of the Psychologist of the Grand Commander in the Israeli military. Saluting my country’s flag, as a Jew, has made me self-righteous of my identity. But before I close, it is important to note that, while visiting the National Museum of American Jewish History, I was stunned and excited to read these lines:  "For more than 350 years, Jews have benefited from the freedoms and opportunities of America, and America has benefited from the work, creativity, and talents of Jews† (‘National Museum of American Jewish History’). It is needless to tell what I felt in that moment. Not only do I feel proud of being Jewish, but I also strongly believe that with the help of all other Jews, we shall be able to uphold the Jewish culture in many ways in the future of the United States, as well as of Israel. Unfortunately, as Cohen laments, â€Å"Jewish social ties (Marriage, friendship, neighbors, institutional belonging, attachment to Israel and the Jewish people) are in decline, as is, more generally, Jewish ethnicity and collective identity† (2000, p.82). This sad but true and sincere observation threatens our very resolve to uphold the Jewish culture especially in the US. However, as for now, we shall do our best to maintain our roots that run deep into the Jewish culture. References Cohen, S. (2000). The Jew Within: Self, Family, and Community in America. Bloomington:  Indiana University Press. Cohen, S. (2008). Identity and Jewish education. In R. Goodman, A. P. Flexner, L. D. Bloomberg, L. D. (Eds.), What we know about Jewish Education: Prospectives on Research for Practice (pp. 75-82) Los Angeles: Torah Aura Productions. National Museum of American Jewish History. Choices and Challenges of Freedom,  1945-Today Silver, J., dir. (1975). Hester Street. USA: Midwest Films. This essay on Jewish Identity in America was written and submitted by user Alanna Ratliff to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Perspectives in Psychology essays

Perspectives in Psychology essays Sigmund Freud developed the psychoanalytical perspective by combining ideas of perception and memory with beliefs of biologically based instincts. His feelings were that unconscious processes such as fears and desires influence behaviour. These processes are forced into the unconscious because they are forbidden or punished by society and parents during childhood. Once in the unconscious they grow to become emotional problems, or on the positive side as ability's that are socially acceptable. Freud believed there is a cause for every action but they are often an unconscious motive. An example based on the psychoanalytical theory is how whenever I go to bed I always snuggle up to my extra blanket and pillows. From a psychoanalytical perspective this would be blamed on an unconscious desire for my mother or father to be in bed with me cuddling me just like they used to when I was a little boy. The biological perspective believes that all psychological events are results of the body affecting ones behaviour. It attributes overt behaviour to electrical and chemical events taking place in the body. Researchers study the brain activity of animals to in turn understand the human brain. It can give them an idea of how inborn biological mechanisms are responsible for human behaviours and thoughts. An example using the biological approach could be the way that I am very attracted to red haired females just like my dad is. From a biological perspective this could be based on the theory that my father's trait for finding red haired women attractive was passed down to me thru genes, that in effect leaves me with the same feelings. Humanistic psychology is the study of how the entire, subjective, experience affects behaviour and cognition. Humanists believe that to totally understand human nature they must push to understand the whole person including, behaviours, beliefs, feelings and anything else that pertain to mental and behavi...

Management Research Exam Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management Research Exam Questions - Assignment Example Firstly, the ordinal scale of measurement is one that attempts to provide a ranking of different orders. For instance, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th would be considered as ordinal. Such a ranking and listing is useful in many cases as a means of providing a degree of perspective for the researcher/reader that would otherwise not be reflected. Similarly, nominal variables are those that are generally entirely qualitative. As such, the differential between one item and another is predicated first and foremost upon the names that they individually represent and the means through which comparison can be drawn based upon this. Examples of nominal ranking and variables can be understood with regards to style, genre, and or biology. Interval scales/variables are useful with regards to understanding a degree of difference. For instance, the temperature scale of Celsius would be a perfect example. One can clearly denote that a temperature shift from 20-40 degrees in Celsius would represent a situati on in which it becomes â€Å"twice as hot† as it was previously. As such, an interval scale need not only be applied to scientific measurement. As with so many of the other scales that exist throughout this discussion, an interval scale is also useful with regards to applying it in any litany of different situations. Finally, ratio type variables are useful in helping to measure or understand a type of differential between two otherwise non-comparable entities. Ratios are used in a great variety of different genres but are most specifically useful with regards to comparing impact or profitability of one group as compared to another. However, with that being said, ratios, although not used within the hard sciences to the same extent to which the other means of measurement are, can be effective in denoting the differential between two forms of measurement. Whereas it may seem as somewhat confusing what the reason and/or rational is behind all of these different forms of variabl es/measurement; however, the fact of the matter is that they all ultimately serve the same root purpose. This purpose is namely to allow the individual to categorize and define the broad levels of information that greet them during the course of the human experience. b. Discuss how each of them may be used in management research. Provide examples to support your discussion. A primary usage of the ordinal scale would be with regards to comparing and contrasting work performance based upon those that have been able to exhibit a very high percentage of efficiency/profitability or utility for the firm or organization in question. This ordinal scale is useful within the realm of management but should not be overused as there are unique human emotions and dynamics that tend to get lost when one focuses specifically upon a ranking of individuals or work goals that can be compared to one another. Ultimately, even though the ordinal scale is useful, the practitioner should seek to vary their approach to using this scale due to the fact that overuse would lend itself to something of a type of scientific management. The use of nominal variables is especially helpful with respect to allowing a particular stakeholder to understanding the realities of the work that is being performed. As compared to ordinal scales or variables, nominal ones do not require that an individual categorize or compare themselves based upon a ranking. Rather, the numbers

Highway Design Individual Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

Highway Design Individual Project - Essay Example And, in the same formula, it was also required to ease the transportation with widening of the various roads consisting possibilities of heavier and frequent traffic in near future. Better public transport will encourage more people to use it. But the car will remain important to the mobility of millions of people and the numbers of people owning cars will continue to grow. So we also want to make life better for the motorist. The priority will be maintaining existing roads rather than building new ones and better management of the road network to improve reliability (A New Deal for Transport: Better for Everyone 1998) Hereby, we proceed to a supposed intended plan for widening of A511, which is a 34 Km road joining the towns Coalville,  Ashby-de-la-Zouch  and  Burton upon Trent. While private transport is quite regular over this route, there are increasingly adding heavier transportation vehicles. And, as it passes by outers of many crowded locations, it becomes an easier choi ce for industrial and heavier transports too. Pertaining to those conditions, a plan for turning A511 into a dual lane (D2AP) seems quite appropriate and essential. Before proceeding to the designing phase, we take out a look at the positioning factors and parts of A511 falling in numerous townships. Thus, before we move forward to plan a refurbishment structure for A511, we have to analyze its various sectors, their relevance and their distinguished features to come up with a clear view of the route, its utilities and essentialities during its refurbishment and widening. Also it would be required to separate the route into its junctions and crossings to clear out a scenario for policies and conditions to be applied. 2. Site Investigation Geography and sectors of A511 1. Starting from junction at M1 motorway, passing by B585 and A447, A511 moves towards B5006 while going towards Burton Golf Club. 2. It passes from besides the Burton Golf Club and crosses A5121 further. 3. Ahead, mov ing by A38 it leads towards Harningglow. 4. From Tutbury it takes a sharpe 90? turn to add into A50. Fig. 1.1 5. Route A511 ends in the junction at A50 which falls in between Uttoxeter and Derby. (See fig. 1.1) For a refurbishment plan, we must first dissociate and focus on A511 in number of partitions. There are some basic differences from each partition for an overall further planning. Sr. No. Section Details 1. Junction at M1 Industrial and farming neighborhood. Mostly the task here includes the connection of A511 to M1 motorway that will require a widening of the joining section and making proper ways for diverting traffic. 2. M1 to A42: This part reaches to the town of Coelville. Mostly the traffic will contain the diverted vehicles that come from the M1 Motorway. However, less intra-town traffic is supposed for it consists only incoming road to Coelville. 3. A42 to Burton upon Trent town: The connecting parts to A511 to Burton Bridge must be met during the basic widening. Also , this same part is supposed to contain the intra-town traffic from Coelville to Burton. Thus, frequent travelling is supposed. 4. Burton upon Trent to A38: This portion will include the intra-town traffic coupled with the inter-town traffic. A heavier traffic is supposed to rush over this part. And, because this portion falls in town, the development of sufficient and standard pavement will also be essential. 5. A38 to Tutbury : During

Legal Environment Essay Example for Free

Legal Environment Essay Sexual harassment is always a legal topic in the work environment because the ramifications are so severe, but at the same time very abstract to describe what can constitute sexual harassment. This paper will take into consideration different elements of the law including Employment Law and cases tried before the U. S. Supreme Court. It will also offer suggestions for corrective action pertaining to the issue of sexual harassment in the workplace. In corporate America, sexual harassment is a huge concern amongst many organizations. The matter of sexual harassment is an issue that needs to be immediately attended to in order for companies to avoid large costs associated with lawsuits stemming from allegations of being sexually harassed in the workplace. Sexual harassment is usually an immediate damage. According to Crucet et al. (2010), â€Å"sexual harassment can cause damage to a company’s representation, status, customers, as well as their proceeds†. Sexual harassment can be identified as any unwelcome sexual jesters or advances, request for sex, and/or any physical or verbal conduct that may be considered in a sexual nature. The legalities circling sexual harassment can be broken down into two particular categories. According to Crucet et al. (2010), â€Å"the first category is quid pro quo and the second one consists of a hostile environment†. The first category of quid pro quo (this for that) sexual harassment usually involves an employee and a supervisor because in most situations only supervisors have the power of hiring and firing an employee. It also â€Å"involves some express or implied linkage between an employee’s submission to sexually oriented behavior and tangible job consequences† (Mallor et al. 2010, p. 1328). An example of quid pro quo could be related to a supervisor telling his female employee that â€Å"if you do this sexual favor for me, then you will be promoted†. According to Tyner Clinton (2010), â€Å"other examples include managers requesting sexual favors, and the receipt or non-receipt of those favors as a condition for making hiring, termination, promotion, and other placement decisions. † Quid pro quo is easier to identify than hostile environment harassment. The second category of sexual harassment is called hostile environment harassment. According to Mallor et al. 2010), â€Å"hostile environment harassment, occurs when an employee is subjected to unwelcome, sex-related behavior that is sufficiently severe or pervasive to change the conditions of the victim’s employment and create an abusive working environment† (p. 1328). The key element of any type of harassment is unwelcomed sexual advances but in hostile environment harassment it is definitely a bit tricky and at times hard to define (Tyner Clinton, 2010). Both categories of sexual harassment violate Title VII of Employment Law that is in place to protect equal opportunity in the workplace. In order to avoid or limit their liability for sexual harassment allegations, an employer must act immediately when issues of sexual harassment are brought to their attention in addition to providing adequate training on sexual harassment along with having an effective policy in place that identifies the definition of sexual harassment. A current ethical situation that I have encountered in the workplace involves hostile environment harassment. I have an employee by the name of Bob Doe that has been accused of sexual harassment in the workplace. Bob has been working as an Admissions Counselor under my supervision since January of 2011. Bob is married with three young children between the ages of ten to sixteen. Bob is a great worker but people still feel uncomfortable around him and comes off much different that the other male employee or co worker. He carries around an aura or vibe that makes the female employees feel uncomfortable. For instance, when Bob has a conversation with other female employees he tends to get too close and invade personal space. He is often caught saying vulgar and raunchy remarks that are HR inappropriate and has a habit of speaking under his breath a lot. Many of the female employees have claimed that he stares at them for periods of time without saying anything. He is medium to tall height, with a muscular build and tends to wear tight articles of clothing to reveal his muscles. Bob is middle aged and is about 5-10 years older than the average of other Admissions Counselors. In August of 2011, one day another male employee approached me and said that Bob had made some remarks to him regarding another female employee. Bob told this male employee â€Å"that he would love to catch her drunk† about that female employee. As a supervisor, this remark made me feel very angry that one of my employees would make comments like that about another employee and I immediately reported this action to my Director, Steve. Steve said that he really couldn’t do anything about that comment because I could not confirm whether or not he said it based off of the word of another employee and that the comment was not heard by the female employee. The director then told me to stay away from the gossip in the workplace and not to get involved in drama, He reminded me that I am suppose to be above that sort of office slander and that I was put in this position to make others people at their job and not be a whistle blower. I acknowledged what he told me and agreed that I would do a better job moving forward, but I still asked him to please report this incident to Human Resources. Steve said that he would handle the situation and would report the incident to Human Resources. Steve likes to handle all HR issues as he calls, â€Å"in house†. Steve wants the managers to run an incident by him before going to HR because he feels that he can handle the issues and that only if the cause was serious enough and if he was not present then we could go to Human Resources, otherwise we were to seek his approval or direction first. The second incident that involved Bob was in November 2011, when he approached another female employee on the team and grabbed her from behind and hugged her. Although he was not being overly aggressive and had a smile on his face, the female employee named Helen was caught off guard and felt violated and asked Bob not to touch her again because it made her feel uncomfortable. Bob laughed it off and said â€Å"Gezz girl relax! You know it’s not like that† and pointed at his wedding ring and walk away. Helen approached me and told me what happened. I immediately pulled Bob into a conference room and told him very sternly that it was inappropriate to hug and/or touch another employee in the workplace especially if it is unwelcomed because it could be viewed as sexual harassment. He said he understood and apologized for his behavior. At this time, I felt that this particular incident did not need to be reported to Human Resources since I felt I had a pretty good handle of the situation. I, however did document the incident in his employee activity log and mentioned it to my director who also said I handled the situation appropriately The third incident that happened regarding Bob was in January 2012. Bob was flirting with a female employee named Lisa who was not an employee on my team but still in the same division. Bob then began to grab Lisa’s hand and hold it with his hand. As Lisa pulled away, she asked Bob â€Å"why are you trying to hold my hand? † Bob’s response was â€Å" you’re so hot you’re making my hands clammy. † This was another sexual harassment issue that could have blown up. Once Lisa’s manager brought this situation to my attention, I once again called Bob into the conference room and explained to him that this was his second warning not to touch another employee, especially a female employee because it is inappropriate and unwarranted and if it were to happen again, then I would have no choice but to personally report him to Human Resources. Once again, I turned to my Director, Steve to seek his advice. Steve again told me that as long as you feel that you handled the situation appropriately and documented it then Bob should be fine. At this point I started getting the feeling that Steve didn’t care about the safety of my female employees and that he just wanted to avoid HR to avoid a situation. I felt as if Steve was allowing this to happen to prevent himself from looking bad. I then decide that I had to take the situation into my own hands and be more cognizant of Bob’s behavior with other employees. There have been a number of other times that Bob continued to make inappropriate comments to other female employees. He would compliment girls on their dress and say how nice their legs looked or that a certain color really brings out their figure. However, there were no mo complaints from Bob in regards to touching another employee inappropriately. He eventually decided to move onto another role with a different company and that was that. Sexual harassment is subjective because everyone identifies and perceives sexual harassment differently. Bob did come from the food and beverage industry where he was a bartender and a lot of his employees were cocktail waitresses in a night club in downtown. He did mention that in his previous job that he was very friendly with his staff because the culture would be more tolerable, especially with alcohol being involved. So, he may not have viewed his actions as being sexual harassment to his female employees, but obviously the employees felt otherwise. Author Tyner and Clinton write that â€Å"According to the law, the victim must be a â€Å"reasonable person† (Tyner Clinton, 2010). The â€Å"reasonable person† standard initiated in the landmark case of Rabidue v. Osceola Refining back in 1986. According to Tyner Clinton (2010), â€Å"in this case the majority ruled that vulgar language and the sexually oriented posters did not result in a working environment that could be considered intimidating, hostile, or offensive under the guidelines. † Essentially Judge Keith felt that â€Å"sexual harassment should not be judged by a reasonable person but rather by a reasonable victim† (Tyner Clinton, 2010). It is the victim that feels uncomfortable and is claiming the allegations of sexual harassment. They are the one that feel that the acts of another are unwelcomed and violating their legal rights. Unfortunately, as a manager of fourteen Admissions Counselors, at times I don’t have the presence to be everywhere at all times. I have frequently not been present at urgent moments because I was helping or assisting another employee. I always made it a conscience effort to praise in public and coach or criticize in private. This was the course of action I took with Bob whenever I witnessed an inappropriate behavior from him. I took him into the conference room and let me know that what he just did is not acceptable. I did not want him to feel that he was being discriminated against because he was an older male. I know that it was my ethical duty to make sure that all of my employees have the right to feel safe in the workplace. This topic really sticks out to me because as a manager of a big company we are constantly having sexual harassment trainings and seminars on how to identify and prevent instances from occurring. A manager at the training shared with the rest of the managers a horrific case of sexual harassment from one of her employees. The employees name was Tim and he was a very skilled and tenure Admissions Counselor and often looked at as a great example of a successful hard working Admissions Counselor. When a female new hire Kristy was added onto the same team as Tim the manager advised that the new hire learn from Tim and create best practices and habits that Tim has. Kristy was near Tim a lot because she was given orders to learn from Tim. Tim would use this opportunity to flirt with Kristy constantly and asking her very intruding questions about her personal life such as, if she is dating anyone or if she is interested in a relationship or just â€Å"hooking up. † Kristy became very ucomfortable when Tim started to text message her at night saying that he is bored now that he is divorced and that he wants to meet her early in the morning to go over performance strategies. When Kristy finally confided in another employee the manager was brought to attention. The manager immediately told Kristy to go to HR right away and the manager went to her supervisor and they both took immediate actions. Because of Tim’s behavior Kristy was about to quit her job and she would attempt to be sick in order to stay away from Tim’s desk. Tim’s behavior created a hostile environment because Kristy was in fear of encountering Tim. This incident not only saddens me for Kristy, but also made me sad because of what Bob had done in the past to my fellow employees and I had not taken immediate actions like I should have. Legal Viewpoints: The U. S.  Supreme Court According to Crucet et al. (2010), â€Å"in 1980 the Supreme Court said that sexual harassment was a breach of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. † Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 â€Å"prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, and national origin in hiring, firing, job assignments, pay, access to training, and apprenticeship programs, and most other employment decisions† (Mallor et al. , 2010, p. 1323). An important case that first appeared the â€Å"reasonable person† argument was in the Rabidue v. Osceola Refining in 1986 mentioned earlier in this paper. This case is often cited as the predecessor to the landmark Supreme Court case of Ellison v. Brady in 1991. In Ellison v. Brady (1991) the Supreme Court rules that â€Å"it is unreasonable to use a â€Å"reasonable person† standard since the rules were established by men† (Tyner Clinton, 2010). This is where the â€Å"reasonable victim† came into existence. The court went on to say that â€Å"we note that the reasonable woman victim standard we adopt today classified conduct as unlawful sexual harassment even when harassers do not realize that their conduct creates a hostile working environment† (Tyner Clinton, 2010). This Supreme Court ruling is of great importance. Many of times, harassers don’t even realize what they are doing is wrong because their perception of reality is off. Two important Supreme Court cases in 1998 created the framework for deciding whether or not employers were held liable for sexual harassment committed by its employees. The first was Burlington Industries v. Ellerth (1998) and the second was Farragher v. Boca Raton (1998). According to Cabassa (2011), â€Å"employers in jurisdictions where courts have allowed indemnity claims against employees for actions giving rise to harassment cases† are on the rise. There are many cases linking to sexual harassment in the workplace that they have launched a litigation committee that covers employment law to covering all legal issues related to the employment relationship (Cabassa, 2010). The question still stands on whether or not a company is liable for sexual harassment committed by one of its employees. The answer to that question lies on â€Å"whether the harasser was a coemployee or a supervisor of the victim, whether the victim suffered tangible job detriment and whether the company had sexual harassment policies, training, and grievance procedures† (Mallor et al. , 2010, p. 1328). Therefore, in order for a company to release themselves from association and allegations of sexual harassment a number of things need to be considered. Suggestions for Corrective Action According to Das (2007), â€Å"sexualization itself, as a precursor to signaling, could arguably stem both from a targets developmental trajectory and from later-life experiences that get layered onto this basic personality substrate. † Therefore, although Bob had these precursor straits of sexualization prior to him going through divorce, the later-life experiences of divorce layered into his life may have caused him to be more relentless. Regardless of his personal life experiences, Bob needs to be in line with the Employee Handbook and follow its policies. It is imperative each company have a Human Resource or Employees Relations Representative that can handle any allegations of sexual harassment. It is first and foremost important for a company no matter of size small or large, to have an Employee Handbook in place to identify what is considered acceptable and what can be recognized as sexual harassment. Then adequate training needs to be in place to help identify what may be considered as sexual and/or ostile environment harassment. After the training, each employee should be required to sign off on an acknowledgment form acknowledging that they know and understand the sexual harassment policy. Once those guidelines are set then it is important for managers and supervisors to take the allegations of sexual harassment very seriously and prevent any further occurrences to take place. If allegations of sexual harassment are made, it is important for Human Resources to open an investigation immediately to determine the facts of the case and to get each sides of the story.  Once the pieces of the puzzle are in place, then the next step is to take appropriate disciplinary action up to and including termination of the harasser. This measure will hopefully prevent sexual and hostile environment harassment. Conclusion In conclusion, the Employment Law has been established by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 allowing every person the right to pursue a career and economic gain with the absence of sexual harassment in the workplace. The U. S.  Supreme Court has been a huge help in identifying the law surrounding and interpreting the U. S. Constitution as it pertains to sexual harassment. According to Tyner Clinton (2010), â€Å"the Society for Human Resource Managers reported in 2002 that 97 percent of employers have written sexual harassment policies and that 62 percent of those employers provide training on sexual harassment. † Therefore, as a society we are on the right track to preventing harassment of any type in the workplace especially unwelcomed and unwarranted sexual advances.

Noras Discovery of Self in Ibsens A Dolls House Essays -- Dolls Hou

Nora's Discovery of Self in Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House         Ã‚  Ibsen's play, "A Doll House," involves a woman who begins the play as a common housewife and through a series of joyous occurrences and catastrophes becomes a self-liberating woman.   Nora Helmer is transformed and decides to abandon her family and home in search of her true self.   She arrives at this point because of several factors.   Her refusal to submit to her husband and her self-realization is brought on by the way she has been taught to act by her husband and her father, and the contradicting demands the situations that she has had to deal with gave her.   Her true devotion to herself is discovered because of the false devotion she felt towards her husband and her role in her family.   In "A Doll House," Henrik Ibsen uses the character of Nora to show that the way in which a woman is treated and her assumed role in society can actually lead to her discovery of her own true humanity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Though it seems contradictory, it is actually Torvald Helmer, Nora's husband, who cause Nora to refuse to submit to him.   Torvald holds a very low opinion of Nora's ability to handle things for herself, and allows her almost no responsibility relating to the family outside of the trivial things in the home.   His incessant use of his pet names, "songbird" and "squirrel" for example, trivialize her place in their home.   However, when Torvald becomes ill, it becomes Nora's responsibility to provide for his recovery.   Of course, Torvald, mustn't know anything about Nora borrowing money for his sake, which the situation demands.   So Nora is thrown into a dilemma.   Here her first decision to disobey her husband's wishes, in point of fact for the sake of her love for hi... ...e would long ago have told him about her troubles."   (294)    Works Cited: Gray, Ronald. "Henrik Ibsen." European Writers:   The Romantic Century.   New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1985. Vol. 7, pp.1428-1430 Hardwick, Elizabeth. "A Doll's House." Drama Criticism.   Detroit:   Gale Research Inc., 1992.   Vol. 2, pp. 294-295 Harris, Laurie Lanzen. "Henrik Ibsen." Characters in 20th Century Literature.   New York: Gale Research Inc., 1990.   p. 183 Huneker, James.   "Ibsen." Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism.   Detroit:   Gale Research Inc., 1979. Vol. 2, pp.222-223 Ibsen, Henrik. "A Doll House." Perrine's Literature.   Forth Worth:   Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1998.   pp. 967-1023    Works Consulted Shaw, Bernard. "A Doll's House Again."   Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism.   Detroit: Gale Research Inc., 1979. Vol. 8, p. 143   

Fmcg Phd Thesis

PAPER – II MANAGEMENT Note : This paper contains fifty (50) multiple-choice questions, each question carrying two (2) marks. Attempt all the questions. 1. In which competitive structure, under industry equilibrium, Price = LMC = LMR = LAC = LAR condition prevails? (A) perfect competition (B) monopoly (C) monopolistic competition (D) duopoly 2. In the Cobb – Douglas production function, given as, A K a Lb , the sum of a b is equal to : (A) 10 (B) 100 (C) 1 1 (D) 3.In the equation pertaining to National Income, Y C S , the excess of income over consumption is depicted by : (A) Y (B) C (C) Y S (D) Y C 4. The long-run average cost curve takes the shape of : (A) Saucer (B) Inverted Saucer (C) Cone (D) Inverted cone 5. The four functions of infrastructure development under the PPP mode, namely, â€Å"Construct, Run, Possess and Sell-off† are popularly depicted by the acronym : (A) CRPS (B) (C) (D) 6. BOOT BOOM 7. 8.TEAM Organization synergy implies (A) More than propor tionate growth (B) Less than proportionate growth (C) Constant growth (D) Constant fall The two-factor model of motivation theory was propounded by : (A) Herzberg (B) Victor Vroom (C) Porter – Lawler (D) Maslow An approach to study of organizations that looks at an organization as composed of many inter – related parts making up an integrated work is : (A) Functional approach (B) Group approach (C) Systems approach 3 F1602 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. D) Oligopolist approach An organization design that treats the human resources as limited in capability and expects them to just confine to given roles, may be called as : (A) Organic design (B) Proactive design (C) Functional design (D) Mechanistic design The laissez – faire leader is also known as : (A) Democratic (B) Autocratic (C) Free – reign (D) Tree – trunk Under the present conditions and trends, which of the following statements is perhaps the most appropriate : (A) Human resources are expe nsive, while technology is cheap (B) Human Resources are expensive as Technology is (C) Human Resources are cheap as technology is (D) Human Resources are cheap, while technology is expensive BARS, Intra – mural activities, Bedeaux plan and golden handshakes, respectively, refer to certain aspects or components of : Retirement (P), Performance Appraisal (Q), Wage determination (R) and Welfare measures (S) as grouped in : (A) PQSR (B) QSRP (C) QRPS (D) PQRS High potential, but low performance employees may be branded as : (A) Stars (B) Question marks (C) Dogs (D) Answer sheets The ultimate remedy for disposal of an industrial dispute is : (A) Joint management council (B) Conciliation (C) Voluntary Arbitration (D) Adjudication The opportunity to be heard given to every parts to a dispute is necessary as per the principle of : (A) Mutual justice (B) Mutual benefit (C) Natural benefit (D) Natural justice In the valuation model, V C1 / ke g , the growth factor, â€Å"g† is assumed to be : (A) (B) (C) (D) Rising Constant Falling 17.Zero When discounted cash flows, instead of undiscounted cash flows, are used in payback period computation for a project, the resulting pay-back period is : (A) Longer 4 F1602 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. (B) Shorter (C) Unaffected (D) Varying The market beta is always : (A) 1 (B) 1 (C) 1 (D) zero Of the two similar firms of the same risk-class and with same operating income, one employs debt capital of Rs. 50 mn. Given the tax rate of 30%, the value of the all-equity firm shall be poorer, compared to that of the levered firm by : (A) Rs. 15 mn (B) Rs. 150 mn (C) Rs. 1500 mn (D) cannot be said A credit policy of 3 30 , net 60 days, implies an annual interest rate of, taking 360 days? ear : (A) 90 % (B) 180 % (C) 18 % (D) 36 % Multilevel marketing links (A) Producers, intermediaries, wholesalers and retailers (B) Producers, wholesalers, retailers and consumers (C) Producers, retailers and consumers (D) Producers and c onsumers A personal communication method of product promotion is : (A) salesmanship (B) print media (C) television (D) advertisement Virtual marketing is the â€Å"future† which is facilitated by : (A) Customer relationship management (B) Channel management (C) Digital management (D) Internet and Information Technology A pricing strategy which is used to price a product high at the time of launching (A) Dual pricing (B) Penetrating pricing (C) Cost plus pricing (D) Skimming pricing Saturation, a stage to be managed effectively for continuing in the market, relates to : (A) Environment management (B) Product life cycle management (C) Logistic management (D) Channel management The prime concern of production layout is : (A) Process quality (B) Utility maximization 5 F1602 27. 28. 29. C) Smooth workflow (D) Line balancing Production management in respect of complex products involving many outsourced components, has to be fashioned like : (A) An integrated supply chain management (B) An independent production function (C) A mix of fragmented production lines (D) A mix of outsourced activities In assembly – line balancing, reducing the number of work stations is not preferred if it : (A) Reduces Idle time (B) Reduces work time (C) Increases work time (D) Has no impact on idle time The residual component in a time series under the multiplicative model is separated in : (A) Y T S C (B) (C) (D) Y TSC TSCR TSC T S C Y 30. 31. In a queuing system, the queue shall continue to grow when : (A) Arrival rate exceeds service rate (B) Service rate exceeds arrival rate (C) Poisson arrival pattern prevails (D) Idle probability approaches one The distribution in which the tails meet the horizontal axis only at infinity is : (A) Normal (B) Poisson (C) Binomial (D) Exponential The value of , bxy byx , is equal to : 32. 33. A) coefficient of determination (B) coefficient of correlation (C) coefficient of regression (D) coefficient of deviation Among these tests, the te st that tests the equality of means when three or more populations are involved is : (A) â€Å"t† test (B) â€Å"Z† test (C) â€Å"F† test 2 (D) test Even the best of MIS cannot be (A) Substitute for decision making (B) Supportive of decision making (C) Data mining and data processing (D) Data recording and retrieving World Wide Web (WWW) is not written as : (A) WWW 6 34. 35. F1602 36. 37. 38. (B) Web (C) W3 (D) 3W „Spy wars? is a term used in : (A) customer analysis (B) competitor analysis (C) attractiveness analysis (D) new product analysis Appealing to a broad spectrum of customers with a kind of product uniqueness is called : (A) Market niche strategy (B) Best cost strategy (C) Differentiation strategy (D) Cost leadership strategy Establishment of fully- owned new facilities and new operation undertaken by a company from scratch is : (A) Greenfield investment (B) International merger (C) International acquisition (D) Cross-border acquisition Which of t hese is not an obscene gesture? A) The okay sign in Brazil (B) A hearty slap on the back in Switzerland (C) Doing anything with the left hand in Saudi Arabia (D) Thumb between second and third finger in Japan GATT has been replaced by : (A) OPEC (B) WTO (C) NAFTA (D) ASEAN Making people stimulated to greater creativity through a group process is : (A) Brain storming (B) Checklist method (C) Brain writing (D) Big – dream method Find the odd one out from the view point of schumpterian creativity is regard to entrepreneurship : (A) intuitiveness (B) inventiveness (C) innovativeness (D) imitativeness Of these, the one that deals with exploring new business opportunities is : (A) Business venturing (B) Business scouting (C) Business resilience (D) Business tycoons A practice by which organisations spot, motivate and groom entrepreneurs either competitive or collaborative, from among employees, is known as : (A) intrapreneurship 7 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. F1602 45. B) entrapreneursh ip (C) extrapreneurship (D) contrapreneurship One of the external causes for sickness in small enterprises is : (A) Entrepreneurial misconduct (B) Deficient employee skills (C) Lapses and leakages in finance (D) Competition and globalisation Find out from the following, one term very closely associated with personal ethics : (A) accountability and responsibility (B) thoughtfulness (C) integrity and honesty (D) belief systems Find out the major reason for companies building strong ethics (A) Earning more profit (B) Building strong asset fortfolio (C) Avoid negative publicity (D) Muster shareholders support Financial dishonesty could be curbed and booked through promotion of : (A) Adherance to documented cash transfers (B) Enactment of more laws (C) Enhancing the severity of punishments (D) Code of conduct for Corporate Executives From the standpoint of personal choice, the least per capita carbon foot print effecting personal transportation alternative is : (A) Public transport (B) O wn car (C) Hired car (D) Auto rickshaw The scheme that strives to achieve women empowerment through gainful employment persuits is (A) Self Help Group Scheme (B) Home Guard Scheme (C) Single Girl Child Scheme (D) Marriage Gift Scheme 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. ——————— F1602 8 MANAGEMENT Paper – II Answer 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 A C D A B A A C D C A B B D D 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 B A C A D D A D D B C A C B A 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 A B C A D B C A B B A A B A D 46 47 48 49 50 C C A A A 9 F1602