Somalia and Somaliland Security Status Essay - 4400 Words

Somalia and Somaliland Security Status (Essay Sample) Content: Somalia and Somaliland Security StatusNameInstitutionsDateConflict remain as a main challenge in Somali as compared to Somaliland. Competition for scarce resources and power, environmental degradation, lack of a common national vision and state fragility have highly contributed to the state of Somali security issues. Different organized armed groups and the proliferation of light and small arms accessibility have also increased insecurity in the country.Conventional attempts have been made to stabilize Somalia though the conflict has defied the strategies developed by the international communities. There exist various questions on the right stride to be adopted to enhance security and stable Somali CITATION Seb00 \l 1033 (Taylor, 2000). In this case, diagnosis of the conflict has been developed through intervention of international communities and effective solutions are being adopted and implemented through various strategies of recapturing of some areas controlled by illegal groups.The Federal Government of Somali can manage security stabilization through reaching out to Somaliland, Puntland, security stabilization in South-Central Somali and the adoption of development of professional and inclusive mechanism in security sector. This paper focus on establishing the causes and drivers of insecurity in Somali as compared to Somaliland CITATION Ken08 \l 1033 (Rutherford, 2008). Accomplishment of this objective depends on understanding the current and existing drivers of conflicts and insecurity in Somalia and the policies adopted by Somaliland to heighten security. Somaliland is a region of post conflict recovery but has maintained unique and relative peace with stability prevailing in the region. Somaliland enjoys stability as significantly reflected by low level of conflicts and positive perception regarding state safety and cohesiveness among the communities.Causes of insecurity in Somali as compared to SomalilandThis section scrutinizes the structures that steers the level of insecurity in Somalia as compared to low in Somaliland. The root cause of the of Somali state consider the bedrock of insecurity that have enhanced insecurity in long-term basis.Colonial legacyThe conflict and insecurity of Somalia can be drawn to the colonial administration that led to division in the country into Somalia, Italian Somaliland, British Somaliland and the French Somaliland (Djibouti). The division of the country not only facilitated to clans division but facilitated to inequality among the clans. Typically, colonial division in Somalia was based on exploitation and oppression of the citizens a trend that was inherited by the subsequent administration. The ruling elites after colonial administration were from Medug and Mejertinia clans. The power in this clans were enhanced by favors that colonial administration gave to clans that delivered the interests rather than the capable people CITATION The08 \l 1033 (Theissen, 2008). In thi s case, nepotism continued after independence and this can be substantiated by the existence Somaliland territory that seeks self-rule from Somalia. The insecurity increased as the division of the country brought conflicts among the clans based on divided regions halting the governance of the country. The conflicts hindered stability in the country leading to increase of insecurity in Somalia. The Somaliland stability was enhanced by the division due to the increased resources gained during the colonial administration enhancing stability of the country in terms of economic and effective governance. The stability has continuously lowered the level of insecurity with the regions working hard to gain sovereignty from Somalia such as Djibouti that used to be French Somaliland.The colonial legacy also facilitated to conflicts and insecurity while the leaders supported both west and the USSR. In this case, Somali managed to build the largest army in Africa as the leaders were in a positio n to access resources from both power frons that existed. The largest army later turned to killing Somalia citizens and rebuilding illegal groups based on clans. The army continued to abusing human rights until the fall of the regime in 1991. Since 1991 Somalia has continuously experienced difficulty times in terms of stability leading to existence of different groups rebuilding with the existence of large army that was created in the previous regime. The groups have rebuild to the extent of raising money to finance the acquisition of firearms to stabilize themselves CITATION UND12 \l 1033 (UNDP, 2012). Different illegal groups existing in Somali has led to increase of insecurity. Moreover, the acquisition of firearms by citizens have increased the level of insecurity since rules and regulation does not exist in the country. In this case, the county does not have state army and police that can control the level of insecurity activities in the country leading to expansion and growth of this activities. Comparing this situation to Somaliland the region has managed to control the expansion of illegal activities through existence of rules and regulation empowering the state army and the police to minimize the insecurity in the region.Governance crises and state fragilityThe security sector of Somali is weak and can no longer guarantee the security to all the citizens in the country attributing to increased insecurity experienced in the country. The weakness in the security arise due to the crises in the governance of Somalia that has not managed to strengthen the activities of the country to the extent of maintaining and controlling the illegal activities carried out by the outlawed groups. The crises of governance has facilitated to failure of stipulating a constitution that guides the country on policies to be upheld in enhancing security in the country. In Somaliland security enhancement revolves around effective and stable government that have enacted rules a nd regulations to guide the region on issues of security. In this case, Somaliland have a functional ministry regarding security and this ensures effective measures on security are enacted CITATION Chr04 \l 1033 (Webersik, 2004). Strategies and policies of security adopted by Somaliland are efficiently implemented due to existence of effective ministry and the army.Crises in governance in Somali creates venerability of security in that, measures focusing on insecurity are not implemented. Moreover, the failure of functional security ministry, army and the police leads to strengthening and establishment of outlawed groups. For instance, the failure of Somalia governance led to establishment of Al-shabab that has continuously carried out insecurity activities in the country. The cementation of the group in the country has been boosted by the control of some strategic regions where it raises revenues to increase resources of managing the army and continuous recruitment in the group. The control of strategic places such as ports and areas where illegal business are effectively carried out has enhanced the increase and development of the group leading to issues of insecurity being rampant. The group carries out insecurity activities as a strategy to recruit and radicalize people in the outlawed group. Comparing to Somaliland outlawed group do not exist due to strong army and the existence of cohesiveness that has been created by the government to ensure illegal activities are reported ensuring security of the citizens CITATION Ric04 \l 1033 (Gueli, 2004). Moreover, the existence of formal judicial system in the region ensures the level of insecurity is lowered as compared to informal and nonfunctional judicial system in country Somalia.Judicial system assists in ensuring security is enhanced through apprehending and prosecution where necessary but due to crises in governance in Somali apprehending and prosecution functions does not exist. The inability of the go vernment to restore security in capital city and stabilize the functioning of the city has continuously led to insecurity issues despite the government being in control. The inability to control reflects the incompetence of the government security structures leading to strengthening of illegal activities being carried out. The continuous carrying out of these activities arise due to failed strategies adopted by the government on security. The incompetent of the security structure to reach the point of controlling or implementing policies that out power the rival groups pressuring the government policies increases venerability of the Somalia security CITATION Mar00 \l 1033 (Kaldor, 2000).The continuous recruitment and radicalizing of youths in various illegal groups in Somalia fuels due to poor governance that exist in Somalia. The groups manages to recruit and radicalize people given that many people grew in chaotic and turbulent environment where oppression, use of a gun and impu nity was a normal thing. The government has failed to change the perception of people regarding visualizing peaceful situation leading to increase of insecurity in the country.The poor governance existing in Somalia has enabled the importation of firearms in the country. The prevalent access of fire arms in Somalia has attributed to increase of insecurity in the country. The firearms are used to carry out activities that subject people to insecurity. This has led to increased migration as people as they look for secure places. Moreover, ineffective governance has resulted to free entry in the country presenting a strategic area where illegal activities are carried out. These activities such as drug trafficking and piracy leads to increased revenues for the illegal groups to finance the operation of the captured regions from the country CITATION Ale15 \l 1033 (Lewis, 2015). Comparing to Somaliland free entry and exit of the country must be verified by the ...

How Do Cellphones Reduce Attention - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1347 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category Technology Essay Level High school Tags: Cell Phone Essay Did you like this example? Cellphones have become extremely popular over the years. They started out as being used for basic communication such as calling others. They then started to include letters under the numbers so that we can text. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How Do Cellphones Reduce Attention" essay for you Create order Now, cellphones are called smartphones. These phones allow consumers to do everything that can be done on a computer, and everything that can be done on a phone. They have become more of a distracting device as time goes by. The number of distracted students, drivers, employees, co-workers, family members, friends, have only gone up. Upon research, it has been proven that cellphones reduce our attention in various environments and situations. In this research, we will look at the different actions we take that make cellphones reduce our ability to pay attention fully. To start with, the use of cellphones has demonstrated weakened performance in multitasking. For example, students in class contribute to cellphones reducing attention. According to (Mendoza, Pody, Lee, Kim, McDonough 2018)Â   Young adults between the ages of 18–24 send or receive an average of 109 text messages per day. Although cellphones have other features such as voice call and web browsing, text messaging appears to be the most convenient method of communication among young adults. Such excessive cellphone use has brought researchers to focus on how this usage impacts learning and memory in classroom settings. Today, there is a major influence by social media and the addiction it has on students. In high school, it is still manageable to control students from using their cellphones. Teachers and administrators are able to put rules into place of not allowing students to use their cellphones. Everything is mostly done by hand, the old-fashioned way. On the other hand, in college it becomes more difficult due to the fact that students are now adults and they are responsible for all the actions they take. There are professors who prohibit the use of cellphones, but unfortunately it is inevitable to have the device on you and not be able to look at it. In this study by (Mendoza, Pody, Lee, Kim, McDonough 2018) it is stated that, Attention is optimal when individuals are focused on one task at a time. However, with many competent sources vying for our attention, both inside and outside the classroom, multitasking has become the norm for most members of the younger generations. Most students report to use social media, text, browse the web, do online shopping, and check emails during class. This poses a threat to students in the classroom mainly because their focus is elsewhere. The professor could have been saying something important, and the student might not have an understanding of what was said at a later time because they were not paying attention. As much as we think multitasking is efficient, there are many disadvantages to this as we only have a limit to the number of things we can pay attention to at a time. Long term memory also comes into play with the distraction of a cellphone. In order to effectively encode information, we must first process the sensory information from the lecture the professor is teaching, and then select the information that is made most important by the professor or the key concepts of the lecture that might show up in future exams or quizzes. This happens when we ignore distractions from the environment, and cellphones are one of those distractions that can complicate this process. Only a small portion of the information we input in our brain actually gets stored into our long-term memory. It is understandable that after an amount of time of listening to a large amount of information, it becomes difficult to continue trying to process all the information after a long period of time. Switching ones attention to a cellphone happens rather quickly, and results in cognitive outlays. The dependence on these devices can also cause anxiety. Knowing that it is in the s tudents backpack, or purse is just as much of a distraction. This also creates anxiety by constantly having the student thinking who could be texting, emailing, or what kind of notification it is. (Mendoza, Pody, Lee, Kim, McDonough 2018) state in their article that there is a general fear of not having access to their mobile device. This is referred to nomophobia. There was a questionnaire performed by (Yildrim and Correia, 2015) they demonstrated that nomophobia is constructed by four factors. The first is not being able to communicate, the second is losing connectedness, the third is not being able to access information, and lastly giving up convenience. Students in college go through this withdrawal method when they are sitting in class, mostly with tougher professors who dont allow cellphones. They might get up to use the bathroom frequently during class, or even leave early. This is a major distraction to most students and prohibits them from getting the full learning experience they should in the classroom. To prove the results of cellphones reducing students learning, there was a study performed. (Mendoza, Pody, Lee, Kim, McDonough 2018) recruited undergraduate psychology students from a small college in Arkansas. The students were asked to watch a twenty-minute TED talk. They were randomly placed in three groups. The first group was al lowed to use their cellphone. Group two was allowed to have the cellphone in their possession, without the permission of using it and on silent. The third group was not allowed to watch the TED talk with their cellphones on them. The end result of this study is that after they filled out the questionnaire, students who actually had their cellphones removed had the highest scores. Distracted driving is one of the major issues that come with cellphone use. While doing research on this topic, it is found that this is one of the most dangerous effects of cellphones reducing our attention. As students, as parents, as adults and teenagers, we need to drive. Driving is the way most of us get to places such as work, school, and home. The use of cellphones while driving is only increasing every day. It has become a public health concern in the recent years. In 2010, there were 995 fatalities reported and 24,000 injuries. This is believed to be caused by cellphone use while driving. As driving itself is considered a weapon, with cellphones involved it makes it worse. While driving a person doesnt only need to be attentive to what they are doing, but also be aware of others around. Cars are very heavy machines that can kill a person instantly if it is not driven carefully. When a person is driving and texting, the person is not even looking up to see what is happening on the road. According to (Weller, Shackleford, Dieckmann, Slovic 2012) a survey stated that 75% of the participants said they never leave their home without their phone, while 25% of the participants said that they would rather lose their wallet than lose their phone. This survey also proved the sentimental attachment that people have with their phones and thats why they cant leave their house without it. Unfortunately, this excessive use of cell phones continues to grow with drivers all around the world. To further support the danger of distractions with cellphones while driving, there was a study conducted by (Weller, Shackleford, Dieckmann, Slovic 2012.) they asked participants within the age of 17-28, with a valid license in good standing, drove at least three times per week, and lastly owned a cellphone. The participants who were under 18, were allowed to join in the study with pare ntal permission and supervision. As a result, 89% claimed that they have called someone while driving, 62.3% claimed that they have texted while driving, 21.5% claimed that they have either read or wrote a text message while driving. For the participants who had data service on their phones, 16.8% claimed that they have used Facebook, Instagram, snapchat and other social media platforms while driving, and 22.4% claimed to have used any other apps that they have available on their phones. This includes games, shopping apps, and news apps. In the table below, endorsement rates were also summarized by the attachment of participants and their cellphones.

The Mystery of the Salem Witch Trails of 1692 - 623 Words

If we were to look through American history, we can witness many victories as well as many shames. One of the most famous ignominies was the Salem witch trials in 1692. During the witch trials, many were wrongfully accused and some were executed. There are many theories about why this horror story commenced, but there are no clear appointed reasons. Medical factors may have contributed to the events such as ergot poisoning, traumatic stress, and mass hysteria. Considering that this was an early time in American history, it was likely that these factors were overlooked and ignored. This is a mystery impossible to overlook. The first accusations were made by Reverend Parris’ niece, Abigail and daughter Betty. At the time Parris’ daughter was sick and no one could diagnose her with any medical issues. She showed symptoms of throwing temper tantrums, spoke in strange manners, and sensations of being pinched, among others. Health professionals believe that their actions were reflections of post-traumatic syndrome or perhaps abusive parents (The Economist, A31). Had Betty’s behaviors been examined by professionals today, they may have been able to diagnose her properly. There were other girls aged between 11 and 16 years, who complained of similar symptoms such as a lofty amount of emotions and pains, which were then given the authority to accuse the witches who were responsible (McHugh 20). At first glance it is evident that the girls were probably going through adolescence,Show MoreRelatedSalem Witch Trials, By Liv Turske908 Words   |  4 Pages Salem Witch Trials Liv Turske Abstract The Salem Witch Trials was from 1692-1693, in the town of Salem, Massachusetts. There was a circle of girls who wanted to have a little fun so they got involved in the sport of witchcraft. They went to the minister’s house every day to visit Tituba, the Caribbean slave, to join her for palm and tea leaf reading. The girls took it too far though. They pretended to have fits and started accusing people of being witches. They went so far that peopleRead MoreThe Crucible: Characters1538 Words   |  7 PagesThe Crucible: Characters Chetan Patel The Crucible, a play by Arthur Miller that was first produced in 1953, is based on the true story of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692. Miller wrote the play to parallel the situations in the mid-twentieth century of Alger Hiss, Owen Latimore, Julius and Ethel Rosenburg, and Senator McCarthy, if only suggestively. (Warshow 116) Some characters in the play have specific agendas carried out by their accusations, and the fact that the play is based on historicalRead MoreAnalysis Of Young Goodman Brown By Nathaniel Hawthorne1600 Words   |  7 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† Hawthorne presents the tale of a young man from Salem, Massachusetts during colonial America. One night, Brown accidentally witnesses a witches meeting in the forest where he sees the rest of the town, including his wife Faith, in attendance. This comes as quite a shock to Brown and the next morning but he cannot remember whether or not the scene was real of simply a dream. Regardless, from then on Brown lives his life in opposition toRead MoreCorrupting Society In Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1885 Words   |  8 PagesCorrupting Society In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† Hawthorne presents the tale of a young man from Salem, Massachusetts during colonial America. One night, Brown accidentally witnesses a witches meeting in the forest where he sees the rest of the town, including his wife Faith, in attendance. This comes as quite a shock to Brown and the next morning, but he cannot remember whether or not the scene was real of simply a dream. Regardless, from then on Brown lives his lifeRead MoreWhat Triggered The Witch Craze?1564 Words   |  7 PagesJoseph Bohannon Dr. Wirts History 4342 January 28 2017 What triggered the witch craze? Most historians agree that the witch craze began in the 15th century, during the early modern period. However, many factors that contributed to the witch craze had been brewing for several centuries prior, in as early as the 12th century we see the persecution of heresy by the Medieval Inquisition, which is basically a large-scale model of religious groups suppressing and killing anyone who does not agree with

Business Sustainability Eagle Valley Health Foods Company

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Sustainabilityfor Eagle Valley Health Foods Company. Answer: Introduction In this research paper, the researchers make a research on the business stability of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company. This Eagle Valley Health Foods Company is situated in Australia. It is basically a food base company which produces organic and healthy snacks bar which are generally made by cereals and dry fruits. The Eagle Valley Health Foods Company, for the first 3 years has operated their company throughout Adelaide, which is located in South Australia. However, after three years of business now they start to gain the little amount of profit because nowadays the public is conscious about healthy foods (Aggerholm and Trapp, 2014). According to the case study, Mr. Martin Clifton, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company, wants to develop their company profile by improving their corporate business activities and by engaging their focus on the corporate business sustainability. According to Mr. Martin Clifton, the corporate business sustainability hel ps the company to gain a good reputation in future also. For these reasons, Mr. Martin Clifton, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company, wants a professional advice or consult from a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) consultant to put into practice the activities related to the corporate business sustainability and to include the initiatives which are related to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) within their organization (Eagle et al., 2015). The CEO of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company, always try to maintain and give value to the economic factors, ecological factors and the factors which are related to the cultural health of their community. For these reasons, the CEO of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company tries to make an efficient effort to involve involving their employees and business partners to learn their surrounding environment very well (White, 2016). By the help of this research study, the researchers came to know about some issues of the Eagle Valley Health Foods Company which have happened at the time of performing the activities related to the Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR). Findings Discussions According to the research study, the researchers found that Mr. Martin Clifton wants a professional advice or consult from a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) consultant to put into practice the activities related to the corporate business sustainability. In last few years, the Eagle Valley Health Foods Company faces a lot of issues or problems related to the re-utilization of the package materials which hampers their environment and cause the hazard. For this reason, Mr. Martin Clifton engages his entire focus on the development of the packaging activities of their products (Falck, 2016). Recently, the Eagle Valley Health Foods Company start to packet their food products by a material named as polypropylene. According to the case study, Mr. Martin Clifton, the CEO of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company accept this sustainable method to improve their packaging activities which are really needed by the company for achieving a good position within their target market and also want to supply the products which are more friendly to their environment and community (Jespersen and Huffman, 2014). The challenge which is taken by the CEO of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company regarding the change of design of packaging give an effective outcome by maintaining a good balance between the packaging activities and the products of that company to achieve success within their target market and also maintain the environmental issues (Gaudion, 2016). The researchers also found that due to the environmental acidification and eutrophication process, the packages of their products have shown low impacts on their environment. Various types of new tools and types of machinery are implemented within the company to improve and develop their packaging designs and can able to promote more sustainable and greener package design which has become absolutely environmentally friendly. According to the case study, the researchers also found another issue related to the more consuming of water in their products. The CEO of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company, convey a message that their products that are the healthy snacks bar consume more water and in last 2 years, the rate of consumption of water increases rapidly (Grnman, 2012). The increase in the rate of water consumption causes a hazard in their production. For that reason, the CEO of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company tries to reduce the amount of consumption of water in the possible areas. For this reason, the CEO of the Eagle Valley Health Foods Company also engaged his focus on the factor of reducing the amount of consumption of water. The first approach of the company should be to review the requirement of quality and quantity of water within each and every stage of the manufacturing process (Hrisch, Johnson and Schaltegger, 2014). After reviewing the estimation which has an entire focus on the minimization of the consumption of water, the company identified several opportunities with the help of which they can c apture and reuse the water in their other possible areas. By the help of these activities, the CEO of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company can able to reduce the water level which is taken of the products by 32 percent approximately and also increase the profit level of the company. Conclusion Recommendations According to the research study, the researchers found that the Eagle Valley Health Foods Company faces a lot of environmental issues or problems related to the re-utilization of the package materials. That is why Mr. Martin Clifton keeps his complete focus on the development of the packaging activities of their products. For this reason, they start to make their packages by an environmentally friendly material named, propylene. The CEO of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company also found another issue related to the more consuming of water in their products. For these reasons, the researchers recommend that the CEO of the company should keep reviewing the whole production process on a timely basis. These will help to identify more opportunities by the help of which they can able to develop and improve their entire production process and also become successful to increase the profit amount of the company. Reference Aggerholm, H. and Trapp, N. (2014). Three tiers of CSR: an instructive means of understanding and guiding contemporary company approaches to CSR?.Business Ethics: A European Review, 23(3), pp.235-247. Eagle, L., Low, D., Case, P. and Vandommele, L. (2015). Attitudes of undergraduate business students toward sustainability issues.International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 16(5), pp.650-668. Falck, O. (2016).Corporate social responsibility: Doing well by doing good. [online] Sciencedirect.com. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com [Accessed 21 Nov. 2016]. Gaudion, P. (2016). Focus On Resource Scarcity Promotes Profitability. [online] Parmalat. Available at: https://www.parmalat.com.au [Accessed 21 Nov. 2016]. Grnman, K. (2012).Framework for Sustainable Food Packaging Design. [online] Wileyonlinelibrary.com. Available at: https://www.wileyonlinelibrary.com [Accessed 21 Nov. 2016]. Hrisch, J., Johnson, M. and Schaltegger, S. (2014). Implementation of Sustainability Management and Company Size: A Knowledge-Based View.Business Strategy and the Environment, 24(8), pp.765-779. Jespersen, L. and Huffman, R. (2014). Building food safety into the company culture: a look at Maple Leaf Foods.Perspectives in Public Health, 134(4), pp.200-205. White, T. (2016). Saving Water Makes Us Happy Little Vegemites. [online] Available at: https://www.kraft.com.au [Accessed 21 Nov. 2016].

Jewish Identity in America

In his article â€Å"Identity and Jewish Education†, Cohen (2008) postulates that sociologists determine Jewish identity according to the three B’s components: â€Å"Belief, Behavior, and Belonging† (p.75). I was born in a secular family of four children. However, my father used to attend synagogue only on major holidays, to be part of our Jewish community or so I think; or as Cohen describes it, to feel a sense of belonging.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Jewish Identity in America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In regard to Jewish behavior, I strongly remember a powerful memory of a Jewish ritual that happened twenty nine years ago. I was just ten years old when my dad’s mother died. The picture I had in my sad sobbing eyes will stay with me forever. I remembered my father sitting on the floor and crying; the top part of his shirt was torn in the middle. Both my mother and my sist er were sitting on the bed with red puffy eyes. As soon as my mom noticed my presence, she got closer to me and hugged me. She told me that my dad’s mother â€Å"turned to be a butterfly and that she is flying towards her freedom now.† Only later I knew that my dad’s torn shirt was a symbol of a Jewish tradition ‘mourner custom’ for the death of a first close relation. Nevertheless, my beliefs, in regard to Judaism, have changed dramatically throughout my life span. When I was fifteen years old, my parents made a decision, which set me into deep thinking for the next few years. They embraced the Jewish culture with such devotion that I could clearly tell they had strongly decided to keep a distinct boundary between the Jewish laws and the outside world. The death of my brother’s father in-law prompted my older brother as well as my parents to make the decision. The rabbi, who presided over the mourning period, argued them to become staunch Je ws in a bid to make my brother’s father in-law enter heaven. As a teenager, I was furious and mostly afraid to change my lifestyle. I thought that the rabbi was taking advantage of my parents at such a moment to pull them out of their secular way of life. Consequently, due to the rabbi’s advice coupled with a seven days seminar called ‘Arachim’, my parents turned to be very sacred. The rest of us did not want to be associated with the idea. Nevertheless, despite my parents’ acceptance of the change, they did not drag us into it probably because they thought they would force us to hate and shun our Jewish identity altogether. In his article â€Å"The Jews Within,† Cohen’s suggests that â€Å"the death, or divorce, of a spouse seems linked with further declines in Jewish activity in the home or community,† however, my personal experience, as I described above, thought me differently.Advertising Looking for essay on history? L et's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Following my parents change of faith, I strongly resented any activity concerning the Jewish rituals. Even though my parents tried to convince me to participate in some activities, I still could not change my opinion. I felt that the ‘Halacha’ took my parents away from me, because it demands a strict behavior. Cohen (2000) postulates that â€Å"Sabbath is another area of practice that requires attention and resolution† (p. 61). I, definitely, can identify with this statement. For one thing, my parents were no longer able to drive on Sabbath. In addition, my brothers and I were forced to participate in the ‘Kidush’ on Friday evenings; for a teenager, it was quite a problematic situation since I was supposed to have joined my friends, but instead I had to stay at home. Lastly, since my mother would not allow cooking or making a fire during the Sabbath, we were always und er pressure and stress to prepare dinner right in time.  I can also remember a specific event that caused a huge argument between my parents and me. It was during the Sabbath following the birth of my eldest son. My father, among other parents, asked God to bless my newly born child. Before the event, I was told by my parents to not give a name before my baby’s circumcision. I remember asking my father the reason behind this request, however, he was reluctant to answer me. I was so upset with this requirement since I did not understand the logic behind it. It was only after the rabbi’s teaching that day, that I learnt a lot about the naming of children according to the Jewish law. According to the ‘Halacha’, the naming of boys occurs eight days after they are born; that is, during their circumcision. On the other hand, naming of girls occurs on the Sabbath following their birth. I have also observed this in the naming of my youngest twins. In addition, i n providing chairs to the participants of the circumcision of my son, I realized that my mother had provided an extra seat. As if this was not enough, she also provided some wine, which she said was for the little baby. I wondered how my mother could give wine to such an innocent infant though I did not give it much thought. Once the ceremony was over, I did not hesitate to ask my mother about the significance of the extra seat and the wine. She told me that the extra seat signified the presence of Elijah. It is meant for the continuation, or rather for the propagation, of the Jewish faith in all generations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Jewish Identity in America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Concerning the wine, she explained that she gave a few drops to the baby to relief his pain. I also learnt about the role of the ‘minyan’, ‘sandek’, in the early life of my baby boy. I was s urprised to find out, at the age of twenty seven, not only about naming of Jewish children, but also the practice of circumcision. As cited in Cohen’s article (2000),  Ã¢â‚¬ ¦women have been more involved in the intimate aspects of their families than men  Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Jewishly committed fathers, in contrast with jewishly committed mothers, emerge as  principled, learned, educationally oriented, and involved in synagogue life. Mothers are  remembered for their immediate relationship with the children and other family members, for their greater responsibility for the home, holidays, and kashrut (pp.55-56). My mother played her role as a Jewish parent to educate me on the significance of our traditions in the Jewish society. I made sure that I followed every bit of it during my adulthood.  My paternal grandmother has also played a pivotal role in shaping my Jewish identity. Whenever I visited her, she could shower me with advice on how to maintain the integrity of the Jewis h culture. I remember her comforting nature during my youth stage; she once told me that it is normal for young people to neglect the Jewish laws in their attempt to appear sophisticated or ‘civilized’ especially in the eyes of their friends who do not follow the religion. Similarly, Cohen (2000) postulates that:  Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Jewish religious activities decline in the late teen years, (as does religious activity among other groups). It begins to climb again with marriage and jumps upward even more sharply with the arrival of children and, in particular, when the first child reaches elementary-school age (p. 45).  Clearly, my grandmother was right because, as I mentioned before, I was struggling to maintain my identity especially during my high school education I began participating in much Jewish’s activities, literally, a few years after my marriage, in particular after my arrival to the U.S. My husband and I came to New York 9 years ago. Similarly, to the Jewish immigrants that are presented in the movie â€Å"Hester Street† directed by Silver in 1975, we also decided to come in order to look for opportunities to fulfill ourselves. However, it was not until the birth of our twins that we decided to embrace the Jewish culture; it was our choice. Moreover, in order to serve as good role models for our children, my husband and I started going to the synagogue in our Jewish holidays, which we did not attend before as an adult.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Though there are moments that I feel so inadequate compared to my community, I know that I have done my best to maintain the Jewish culture for the sake of my children. In referring to first theme in ‘The Rise of the Sovereign Self, inalienability of being Jewish’: Cohen posits, â€Å"No matter what I do or don’t do, no matter what I believe or don’t believe, I’m still a Jew, and a good Jew – and no one can alienate me from my valid claims to identify as a Jew† (2008, p. 78). Last but not least, my military service has also been instrumental in shaping my Jewish identity. It has been a privilege to serve as a secretary of the Psychologist of the Grand Commander in the Israeli military. Saluting my country’s flag, as a Jew, has made me self-righteous of my identity. But before I close, it is important to note that, while visiting the National Museum of American Jewish History, I was stunned and excited to read these lines:  "For more than 350 years, Jews have benefited from the freedoms and opportunities of America, and America has benefited from the work, creativity, and talents of Jews† (‘National Museum of American Jewish History’). It is needless to tell what I felt in that moment. Not only do I feel proud of being Jewish, but I also strongly believe that with the help of all other Jews, we shall be able to uphold the Jewish culture in many ways in the future of the United States, as well as of Israel. Unfortunately, as Cohen laments, â€Å"Jewish social ties (Marriage, friendship, neighbors, institutional belonging, attachment to Israel and the Jewish people) are in decline, as is, more generally, Jewish ethnicity and collective identity† (2000, p.82). This sad but true and sincere observation threatens our very resolve to uphold the Jewish culture especially in the US. However, as for now, we shall do our best to maintain our roots that run deep into the Jewish culture. References Cohen, S. (2000). The Jew Within: Self, Family, and Community in America. Bloomington:  Indiana University Press. Cohen, S. (2008). Identity and Jewish education. In R. Goodman, A. P. Flexner, L. D. Bloomberg, L. D. (Eds.), What we know about Jewish Education: Prospectives on Research for Practice (pp. 75-82) Los Angeles: Torah Aura Productions. National Museum of American Jewish History. Choices and Challenges of Freedom,  1945-Today Silver, J., dir. (1975). Hester Street. USA: Midwest Films. This essay on Jewish Identity in America was written and submitted by user Alanna Ratliff to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Perspectives in Psychology essays

Perspectives in Psychology essays Sigmund Freud developed the psychoanalytical perspective by combining ideas of perception and memory with beliefs of biologically based instincts. His feelings were that unconscious processes such as fears and desires influence behaviour. These processes are forced into the unconscious because they are forbidden or punished by society and parents during childhood. Once in the unconscious they grow to become emotional problems, or on the positive side as ability's that are socially acceptable. Freud believed there is a cause for every action but they are often an unconscious motive. An example based on the psychoanalytical theory is how whenever I go to bed I always snuggle up to my extra blanket and pillows. From a psychoanalytical perspective this would be blamed on an unconscious desire for my mother or father to be in bed with me cuddling me just like they used to when I was a little boy. The biological perspective believes that all psychological events are results of the body affecting ones behaviour. It attributes overt behaviour to electrical and chemical events taking place in the body. Researchers study the brain activity of animals to in turn understand the human brain. It can give them an idea of how inborn biological mechanisms are responsible for human behaviours and thoughts. An example using the biological approach could be the way that I am very attracted to red haired females just like my dad is. From a biological perspective this could be based on the theory that my father's trait for finding red haired women attractive was passed down to me thru genes, that in effect leaves me with the same feelings. Humanistic psychology is the study of how the entire, subjective, experience affects behaviour and cognition. Humanists believe that to totally understand human nature they must push to understand the whole person including, behaviours, beliefs, feelings and anything else that pertain to mental and behavi...

Management Research Exam Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management Research Exam Questions - Assignment Example Firstly, the ordinal scale of measurement is one that attempts to provide a ranking of different orders. For instance, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th would be considered as ordinal. Such a ranking and listing is useful in many cases as a means of providing a degree of perspective for the researcher/reader that would otherwise not be reflected. Similarly, nominal variables are those that are generally entirely qualitative. As such, the differential between one item and another is predicated first and foremost upon the names that they individually represent and the means through which comparison can be drawn based upon this. Examples of nominal ranking and variables can be understood with regards to style, genre, and or biology. Interval scales/variables are useful with regards to understanding a degree of difference. For instance, the temperature scale of Celsius would be a perfect example. One can clearly denote that a temperature shift from 20-40 degrees in Celsius would represent a situati on in which it becomes â€Å"twice as hot† as it was previously. As such, an interval scale need not only be applied to scientific measurement. As with so many of the other scales that exist throughout this discussion, an interval scale is also useful with regards to applying it in any litany of different situations. Finally, ratio type variables are useful in helping to measure or understand a type of differential between two otherwise non-comparable entities. Ratios are used in a great variety of different genres but are most specifically useful with regards to comparing impact or profitability of one group as compared to another. However, with that being said, ratios, although not used within the hard sciences to the same extent to which the other means of measurement are, can be effective in denoting the differential between two forms of measurement. Whereas it may seem as somewhat confusing what the reason and/or rational is behind all of these different forms of variabl es/measurement; however, the fact of the matter is that they all ultimately serve the same root purpose. This purpose is namely to allow the individual to categorize and define the broad levels of information that greet them during the course of the human experience. b. Discuss how each of them may be used in management research. Provide examples to support your discussion. A primary usage of the ordinal scale would be with regards to comparing and contrasting work performance based upon those that have been able to exhibit a very high percentage of efficiency/profitability or utility for the firm or organization in question. This ordinal scale is useful within the realm of management but should not be overused as there are unique human emotions and dynamics that tend to get lost when one focuses specifically upon a ranking of individuals or work goals that can be compared to one another. Ultimately, even though the ordinal scale is useful, the practitioner should seek to vary their approach to using this scale due to the fact that overuse would lend itself to something of a type of scientific management. The use of nominal variables is especially helpful with respect to allowing a particular stakeholder to understanding the realities of the work that is being performed. As compared to ordinal scales or variables, nominal ones do not require that an individual categorize or compare themselves based upon a ranking. Rather, the numbers